Enfoque UTE

for forest biomass Modeling and computational simulation of the shredder for forest biomass in Ecuador

2023-05-18T22:26:24-05:00

Abstract— Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes and mechanical equipment for laboratories and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering. These technological advances have allowed modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass grinder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which allowed evaluating the safety and working factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard [1], obtaining a proposed model of crusher, with an angle of 45^o, with a vertical hopper of 90^o and efficiency of 95% confidence, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Keywords— Biomass, efficiency, grinding, particle, shredder and simulation.

HUF Pollen available during anthesis of Hylocereus undatus flowers

2023-05-17T13:42:22-05:00

La pitahaya ( Hylocereus spp) es un fruto que, por las características de su demanda, tanto para fruta fresca como para consumo industrial, ha detonado duro su desarrollo en diversos países, sin embargo presenta diversos mecanismos de autoincompatibilidad que impacta en la productividad. Por lo anterior se analizó la viabilidad del polen durante la antesis de dos cultivares de H. undatus de pulpa blanca durante, tomando muestras de polen 13 horas, desde el comienzo de ésta por la tarde, hasta que finaliza al día siguiente. El método utilizado fue tinción con sal de tetrazolio (cloruro de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolio) o TZ. Los resultados mostraron que no hay polen viable al inicio de la antesis.A las 09:00 pm la viabilidad comenzó a crecer lentamente y después de las 12:00 am se duplicó y se aceleró la viabilidad, marcando la más alta de 02:00 a 04:00 am. Se pudo observar la consistencia del polen que inicia con una fase I con polen húmedo sin viabilidad, hasta otra con menor humedad con baja viabilidad (Fase II); la fase III, apareció polen harinoso muy granulado, fácil de manejar precisamente cuando las lecturas de la tinción marcaron la viabilidad de 93 a 95%.

3D Path Planning Algorithms in a UAV-enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study

2023-05-17T12:12:09-05:00

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with communication technologies have gained significant attention as a promising solution for providing wireless connectivity in remote, disaster-stricken areas lacking communication infrastructure.
However, enabling UAVs to provide communications (e.g., UAVs acting as flying base stations) in real scenarios requires the integration of various technologies and algorithms. In particular 3D path planning algorithms are crucial in determining the optimal path free of obstacles so that UAVs in isolation or forming networks can provide wireless coverage in a specific region. Considering that most of the existing proposals in the literature only address path planning in a 2D environment, this paper systematically studies existing path-planning solutions in UAVs in a 3D environment in which optimization models (optimal and heuristics) have been applied. This paper analyzes 37 articles selected from 631 documents from a search in the Scopus database. This paper also presents an overview of UAVenabled communications systems, the research questions, and the methodology for the systematic mapping study. In the end, this paper provides information about the objectives to be minimized or maximized, the optimization variables used, and the algorithmic strategies employed to solve the 3D path planning problem.

The Application of the Lean - Six Sigma tool to improve the time of attention in the emergency department of a hospital in the department of Cauca.

2023-05-02T16:53:03-05:00

The use of lean methodology tools in the health sector leads
to important operational and organizational improvements in
healthcare institutions. This article presents the development
of a proposal to improve patient care times in an emergency
unit of a case study in the Department of Cauca. The problem
presented refers to the non-compliance or excess of time that
patients must wait to receive medical attention, detecting that
the main causes of dissatisfaction are difficulty in accessing
services, errors in care, and lack of medical and nursing
personnel. The study begins by establishing the current state
of the care processes in the emergency area, followed by
the identification of the causes that generate delays and
dissatisfaction on the part of the patients, and finally, a
proposal for improvement is made. The results obtained show
that the processes to be improved are from the moment the
patient is admitted until he/she is attended to by the physician.
It was also found that the spaces are poorly distributed and
this also affects the proper care to be provided by the hospital.

Internet of medical things. Measurement of respiratory dynamics using wearable sensors in post-COVID-19 patients.

2023-05-17T15:11:12-05:00

Hoy en día, la medición de la dinámica respiratoria está infravalorada en el ámbito clínico y en la vida diaria de un sujeto y sigue representando un reto desde el punto de vista técnico y médico. En este artículo proponemos un concepto para medir algunos de sus parámetros, como la frecuencia respiratoria (FR), utilizando cuatro sensores inerciales. Se realizaron dos experimentos diferentes para validar el concepto. Analizamos la colocación más adecuada de cada sensor para evaluar esas características y estudiamos la fiabilidad del sistema para medir parámetros anormales de la respiración (taquipnea, bradipnea y retención de la respiración). Por último, realizamos mediciones en pacientes post-COVID-19, algunos de ellos con alteraciones respiratorias después de más de un año del diagnóstico. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que el sistema propuesto podría utilizarse potencialmente para medir la dinámica respiratoria en el ámbito clínico. Además, mientras que la FR puede calcularse fácilmente con cualquier sensor, otros parámetros deben medirse con un sensor en una posición determinada.

Robotic digital twin as a training platform for rehabilitation health personnel

2023-05-03T10:25:30-05:00

In the last twenty years, advances in rehabilitation robotics and the reduction of manufacturing costs of these machines has made rehabilitation robots evolve towards the market, moving from research laboratories to rehabilitation rooms and consultations. Although there are several challenges to be solved in terms of human-machine interaction, the new concept of health 4.0 applied to this medical field has promoted the use of simulators and digital twins both for the training of health personnel, who must use this high technology in their daily work activity, and for the planning of rehabilitation therapy of a specific patient, increasing the impact of your recovery through personalized medicine. In addition, they allow continuous learning without spatial or temporal barriers at a personal, group, organizational and societal level, supporting the training of users with practice and autonomously and at low cost. In this paper, the authors present an upper limb rehabilitation platform and discuss its potential as a training tool for staff responsible for a patient’s recovery. The evaluation of the digital twin of an upper limb exoskeleton is shown by implementing therapeutic routines through joint equations for independent movements and the two-dimensional and virtual graphics of the digital twin are obtained in Matlab/Simulink®.

3D Path Planning Algorithms in a UAV-enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study

2023-04-21T10:28:37-05:00

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with communication technologies have gained significant attention as a promising solution for providing wireless connectivity in remote, disaster-stricken areas lacking communication infrastructure. However, enabling UAVs to provide communications (e.g., UAVs acting as flying base stations) in real scenarios requires the integration of various technologies and algorithms. In particular 3D path planning algorithms are crucial in determining the optimal path free of obstacles so that UAVs in isolation or forming networks can provide wireless coverage in a specific region. Considering that most of the existing proposals in the literature only address path planning in a 2D environment, this paper systematically studies existing path-planning solutions in UAVs in a 3D environment in which optimization models (optimal and heuristics) have been applied. This paper analyzes 37 articles selected from 631 documents from a search in the Scopus database. This paper also presents an overview of UAVenabled communications systems, the research questions, and the methodology for the systematic mapping study. In the end, this paper provides information about the objectives to be minimized or maximized, the optimization variables used, and the algorithmic strategies employed to solve the 3D path planning problem.

Ecuador Modeling and computational simulation of the shredder for forest biomass in Ecuador

2023-04-20T16:41:55-05:00

Resumen— Actualmente, los sistemas informáticos CAD permiten el diseño y simulación de prototipos de equipos mecánicos de laboratorio y otras ramas de la ingeniería mecánica e industrial, estos desarrollos de nuevos avances tecnológicos. El objetivo fue realizar el modelado y simulación computacional para obtener la trituradora de biomasa forestal tipo laboratorio. Con la metodología de la industria mecánica, basada en el programa Autodesk Inventor Software, que permitió evaluar los factores de seguridad y rodamiento, mostrando las medidas de las cuchillas de la trituradora, con partículas del tamaño de la malla que van desde (75 - 300 μm), según la Norma Internacional [1]. Obtención de un modelo propuesto de trituradora, con un ángulo de 45 o, con una tolva vertical de 90^o y eficiencia del 95% de confianza, un modelo matemático, eficiencia y rendimiento del proceso de producción de virutas de molienda a escala de laboratorio, demostrando un excelente resultado en la obtención de aserrín para la producción de pellets en beneficio de la industria, según el uso de biomasa forestal por sus características fisicoquímicas y térmicas, garantizando como fuente de energía renovable y conservación del medio ambiente de la Amazonía ecuatoriana.

Palabras clave: biomasa, eficiencia, molienda, partícula, trituradora.

Non-invasive mechatronic device to determine the instantaneous center of rotation of the cruciate ligaments of the knee.

2023-05-08T09:52:27-05:00

The objective of this research is to obtain the Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR), of a healthy knee using a non-invasive mechatronic device. This device is based on a proportional mechanism that records the intersection point of the cruciate ligaments during knee flexion and extension. Thus, it can generate the characteristic curve of the ICR and store it for later analysis. The device consists of these elements: a proportional mechanism, a flexible knee pad, potentiometers, and a data storage and processing system. The methodology used involves: 1) analyzing the anatomy of the knee, 2) designing and coupling the proportional mechanism to an in vivo knee to measure its kinematics, 3) processing the data obtained using MATLAB. The ICR is a key indicator that locates the center of rotation of the knee during flexion and extension. This information enables the development and construction of customized devices that improve natural appearance and body control as well as quality of life. The device was tested by three healthy patients, demonstrating its proper functioning, and showing that each person has their own ICR. The tests were performed by flexing the knee with foot fixed to ground, forming an approximate angle of 100 degrees.

Teaching Industrial Robotics in Higher Education with the Visual-based Android Application Hammer

2023-04-11T14:10:07-05:00

Robotics is a demanding subject in higher education. Learning methodologies need to be updated to make use of the new technologies. This paper presents a new methodology for teaching industrial robotics programming using a visual interface running on Android devices, called Hammer. This tool allows the control and programming of robots via a visual environment based on the Scratch concept. Thanks to it, students can see the practical part of theoretical concepts learned in class and, at the same time, test and generate tasks and paths for industrial robots while learning the basics of robot programming. Students are not supposed to have any knowledge about the target robot programming language, but a basic knowledge of Robotics. This tool has been tested in this paper through four different guided practical exercises. All exercises have been validated through surveys and the results are presented and discussed in the paper.

Uso del polvo de Guaviduca (Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav) como ingrediente funcional en el chorizo parrillero

2023-04-06T23:37:25-05:00

Currently nutrition is undergoing rapid change in certain areas of interest. Nutritional deficiencies, the biological face of poverty, are no longer research priorities and, on the contrary, the epicenter of current interest is located in the relationship between diet and chronic non-communicable diseases and the effects of nutrition on cognitive, immune functions, work capacity and sports performance. Consumers are increasingly aware of their self-care and seek in the market those products that contribute to their health and well-being, the importance of the formulation of functional foods is currently paramount in the nutritional development of human beings that is taken for granted. current trends in food consumption, this has made it possible to find various products on the market with bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. The objective of the research was the use of Guaviduca extract as a functional component in the manufacture of barbecue chorizo. This investigation is of an experimental type that uses different levels of extract at 1-2-3 and 4%, to then carry out bromatological, microbiological and antioxidant analyzes, which are later related to current regulations. As a result, it was obtained that there are significant differences between the treatments, but if they are framed in the regulations in relation to the physical-chemical parameters, the microbiological analysis influenced the extract as a natural bactericide, generating safety.

Compostaje de residuos de cocina y heces de mascota: calidad y efecto en la germinación y crecimiento de hortalizas

2023-04-25T15:48:27-05:00

The constant growth of cities and urbanization rates forecast an increase in waste generation. In developing countries, the final destination of urban waste is usually open dumps and, when collected, it is disposed of in sanitary landfills. The organic fraction of waste is mainly responsible for the generation of leachates, toxic gases and the appearance of vectors that transmit infectious diseases. Composting is a simple and economical alternative for the recovery of organic waste. In this study, the quality of two composts made from organic waste (CRO) and pet feces (CM) was evaluated. The vegetable and fruit waste fraction represented 87% of organic waste. Both composts were within the quality parameters with the exception of toxicity. The germination percentage of CRO (18%) and CM (10%) was lower than the minimum required (80%) and, CM exceeded (1100 NMP/g) the maximum recommended for total coliforms (1000 NMP/g). Germination tests on radish indicate a higher germination percentage with 25% compost for CRO and CM (84% in both cases). In growth trials the control finished with the greatest height (13.88 cm), followed by the 10% CRO (13.22 cm) and 25% CM (11.50 cm) treatments.

GAST: A generic AST representation for language-independent source code analysis

2023-05-23T16:15:06-05:00

Organizations use diverse programming languages to develop their systems. They endeavor to take advantage of the particular features that are more appropriate for a given domain. Consequently, programmers should have mastery of different languages to deal with the increasing complexity of software development and maintenance. Hence, they also need tools to assist them in performing those tasks. Systems that support software development and maintenance may analyze programs to identify the relationships between the internal elements of programs, help discover patterns, and calculate quality metrics. However, most of those tools have limitations, such as the languages being supported, licensing, or acquisition costs. There is a need for new methods to analyze code written in several programming languages. This paper outlines the design of a method to automatically transform the syntax of several languages into a universal language with a generic syntax. The generic language’s role is to encapsulate the specifics of each concrete language, so as to facilitate the analysis of programs on a single programming syntax and not on multiple syntaxes. The advantage of the approach is that only one analysis engine, not multiple code analyzers, is required to inquire into the programs.

Modificación de los criterios de flujo dominante en la evaluación térmica de aerocondensadores.

2023-03-25T21:13:07-05:00

El proyecto actual de centrales eléctricas de biomasa (CEB) en la industria azucarera de Cuba, tiene como limitante el acceso al agua requerida para condensación. Una posible solución sería el uso de aerocondensadores (ACC), sin embargo, su evaluación térmica es imprecisa puesto que los métodos disponibles son en extremo complejos y no caracterizan adecuadamente el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor (K), siendo requerido el uso de excesos de área de transferencia de calor, lo cual incrementa los costos iníciales.

REDUCCIÓN DE CADMIO EN CACAO MEDIANTE LIXIVIACIÓN CON AGUA ACIDULADA

2023-03-08T14:05:39-05:00

El cacao es uno de los principales productos bandera del Perú por su gran diversidad y calidad del grano. En los últimos años, se encontró presencia de alto contenido de cadmio en cacao en algunas zonas del Perú. El cadmio es un elemento quimico pesado de alta toxicidad. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue implementar un método para reducir el contenido de cadmio en cacao ( Theobroma cacao L .) nativo de Piura mediante lixiviación en agua acidulada. Las muestras de cacao fueron caracterizadas por humedad, materia seca, índice de grano, índice de cascarilla y contenido de cadmio; la concentración de cadmio inicial fue de 2,03 ppm.La extracción del metal pesado cadmio, se realizó utilizando una solución de agua acidulada con ácido cítrico a (0,15 M) a 40°C por 60 minutos para luego pasar a ser secadas y envasadas. Se realizó la extracción con tres tratamientos, bajo las relaciones cacao/solución de ácido cítrico, los cuales fueron: 1/10, 1/15 y 1/20 (g/mL). Se reducirá la concentración de cadmio después de la extracción, obteniendo valores de 1,63; 1,66 y 1,65 ppm. En función de los resultados se encontró que el cadmio requiere en un 20% aproximadamente y no se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos de extracción sólido/líquido.

Mecánica desarrollo industria Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

2023-03-06T21:07:12-05:00

Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes of mechanical laboratory equipment and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering, these developments of new technological advances. The objective was to carry out the modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass shredder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which demonstrated the safety and bearing factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obtaining a proposed model of a crusher, with a 45o angle, with a 90o vertical hopper and 95% confidence efficiency, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, Demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Revisión bibliográfica sobre la medición de la contaminación ambiental en zonas urbanas de la región Sierra de Ecuador utilizando IoT.

2023-02-28T09:14:02-05:00

The present research aims to define a framework of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, using the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current technological resource. A systematic review of articles disclosed between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to analyze pollution measurement. Among the most common measurements are air quality monitoring, as well as water and noise pollution. Regarding the communication technology used, several options were found, including wireless technologies such as Wifi, Bluetooth and LoRa, as well as wireless sensor network technologies. The measurement data obtained are mainly used to determine the impact of pollution on human health, to make real-time decisions and to design pollution mitigation and control strategies. In addition, they allow developing recommendation systems and analyzing the long-term evolution of pollution in a given region. It is concluded that there are several alternatives on IoT technologies to monitor and reduce environmental pollution. It is also important to consider that there is great heterogeneity in the way these technologies are used and in the data they collect, so it is necessary to establish a reference framework that facilitates consistent comparison and analysis of the results.

Diseño de un deshidratador solar directo pasivo de alperujo

2023-04-03T11:48:18-05:00

In the present investigation, a prototype of a passive direct solar dehydrator of alperujo was developed, with the atmospheric conditions of Jaén, Spain; this city is one of the main exporters of olive oil in the world, which is why they produce high amounts of alperujo; The dehydrator will reduce the percentage of humidity of the alperujo for its later use as an energy source, due to its good energy potential, without consuming non-renewable energy sources. To meet this objective, a prototype is developed in the ANSYS Student software, which meets essential characteristics for dehydration, during the development of the prototype the following process is followed: design, copy of materials, mesh, copy of boundary conditions, selection of physical models to use and simulation. Subsequently, the prototype was built and the simulation was validated with the data obtained from the dehydrator, subjecting a sample of alperujo to the dehydration process, with daily data collection of the process.

In the simulation, it can be seen that the dehydrator reaches the appropriate temperatures for the dehydration process, but because the lower area of the chamber has a lower temperature than in the upper area, there is no air flow, which means that the process is not optimal.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity in Peptide Fractions obtained from the Hydrolysis of Collagen Extracted from Meager Spines (Sciaenops ocellatus)

2023-02-24T15:56:45-05:00

The aim of this research was the evaluation of antioxidant activity in peptide fractions obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen extracted from corvina spines (Sciaenops ocellatus). To determine the best conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis, a multilevel factorial experimental design was stablished to analyze the influence of pH (7; 7.5 and 8) and temperature (40; 42.5; 45; 47.5 and 50 ° C) in the hydrolysis degree (DH). The used enzyme was Flavourzyme to hydrolyze the collagen with an enzyme-substrate ratio of 1:10 (v / w). Subsequently, the peptide hydrolyzate was fractionated by diafiltration with membranes of 3, 10 and 50 kDa. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the peptide fractions was evaluated, and its molecular sizes were proved by an electrophoresis process. The best pH and temperature conditions in the enzymatic hydrolysis process were 7 and 40.2 ° C respectively, these values allowed to obtain a DH of 6,74 ± 0,12 %. It was determined that the antioxidant activity increases as the molecular size of the peptide fractions decreases. The values of antioxidant activity were 34.79; 6.26; 7.32 and 6.90 mg of ascorbic acid Eq / g protein corresponding to fractions <3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, 10-50 kDa and >50 kDa respectively.

LA Variación Paisajística Debido a la Dinámica del Transporte de Sedimentos en el Río Lumbaqui, Ecuador

2023-03-09T12:03:19-05:00

Undoubtedly, urban expansion is a worldwide problem, especially when there are rivers that, due to the conversion of land uses, generate degradation of the banks. This problem is intensified in sectors where there is high rainfall causing sediment dragging, which accumulates in various sectors causing environmental problems due to ecosystem variations and landscape affectation. The main objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of the main problems that the transport of sediments in the Lumbaqui River can cause, the environmental impacts and risks that can cause bad land use and management practices in areas of interest. due to ecosystem services and landscape variation. The Lumbaqui River is a place where a large part of the citizenry agrees to carry out leisure and recreation activities due to its water quality, but the accumulation of sediments is one of the limiting factors that could alter the concentration of visitors due to the fact that the It itself affects the scenic beauty of the sector, at the same time this accumulation can give rise to variations in bioindicators.

Plataformas de Reconfiguración Dinámica Basado en IEC-61499 y Multiagentes: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura

2023-02-23T16:18:51-05:00

Revolution 4.0 marked a before and after in industrial progress. It required the industry to evolve its processes through the use of modern technologies and to keep both the infrastructure and the knowledge of its employees up to date in accordance with the new regulations developed in Industry 4.0. This article presents a scoping literature review on the dynamic reconfiguration of the automatic control of an industrial process based on IEC-61499 and multi-agents, using the PRISMA methodology. Based on 309 articles obtained from major databases such as IEEE Xplore, MDPI, SpringerLink, SCOPUS, and Taylor Francis, a total of 40 articles were selected as the final sample. Here, the types of industrial processes in which dynamic reconfiguration is applied are analyzed, and the types of platforms using the IEC-61499 standard and multi-agents are also identified. The results show that the IEC-61499 standard and multi-agents are used in dynamic reconfiguration and Industry 4.0, which is currently developing a breakthrough for enterprises and enabling higher efficiency and quality in production.

la Variación paisajística debido a la dinámica del transporte de sedimentos en el río Lumbaqui, Ecuador

2023-02-22T23:09:53-05:00

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

2023-04-19T15:11:52-05:00

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of the project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique which has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains. The ontologies represented by means of Web Ontology Language, a formal language based on description logics, enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the information. This paper aims to describe an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the integration and reduction of conceptual ambiguity of standards descriptions and improve its understanding.

Energía Limpia Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

2023-02-13T17:16:44-05:00

Resumen— Actualmente los sistemas computacionales CAD, permite el diseño y la simulación de prototipos de equipos mecánicos de laboratorio y otras ramas de la ingeniería mecánica e industrial, estos desarrollos de los nuevos avances tecnológicos. Fue el objetivo, realizar la modelación y simulación computacional para la obtención del triturador de biomasa forestal tipo laboratorio. Con la metodología de la industria mecánica, basado en el programa Software Autodesk Inventor, lo que permitió evaluar los factores de seguridad y rodamiento, mostrando las medidas de las cuchillas del triturador, con partículas del tamaño de luz de malla que va desde (75 – 300 μm), según la Norma Internacional (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obteniendo un modelo propuesto de triturador, con un ángulo de 45 o, con una tolva en forma vertical de 90^o y eficiencia del 95% de confianza, un modelo matemático, eficiencia y rendimiento del proceso de producción de la molienda de las astillas a escala laboratorio, demostrando un excelente resultado en la obtención del serrín para la producción de pellets en beneficio de la industria, según el aprovechamiento de la biomasa forestal por sus características fisicoquímicas y térmicas garantizando como fuente energética renovable y conservación del medio ambiente de la Amazonia del Ecuador.

la GOBERNANZA DE LA GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS DE DESASTRES EN LOS GOBIERNOS MUNICIPALES DEL ECUADOR

2023-02-13T08:49:28-05:00

Disaster Risk Management is a social process with the purpose of preventing, reducing and controlling risk factors, as well as preparing for and responding to such situations, seeking to protect the lives of the population and their assets. Therefore, this research was carried out through a systematic review of the literature on the methods used for risk management, both qualitative and quantitative. Methodologically, it was approached as an analytical type documentary research, from the interpretative approach, carrying out a critical review of the state of knowledge. The analysis of the information allowed to deepen and reflect on the strategies in the governance of disaster risk management in the municipal governments of Ecuador and the social participation involved in its implementation, which makes necessary the consolidation of planning as a response to disasters, it is through the association with different entities and organizations that allows to guide and adjust the plans created previously, thus approving the creation of a joint perspective of how the plans should be made and consequently, the harmonious response to the emergency or eventual disaster.

Español Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

2023-02-02T16:55:25-05:00

Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes of mechanical laboratory equipment and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering, these developments of new technological advances. The objective was to carry out the modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass shredder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which demonstrated the safety and bearing factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obtaining a proposed model of a crusher, with a 45^o angle, with a 90^o vertical hopper and 95% confidence efficiency, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, Demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Occupational risks and prevention techniques

2023-01-29T23:11:47-05:00

The objective of this review article is to observe and discuss occupational risks and hazards, presenting the prevention standards that must be taken into account in order to avoid occupational hazards and illnesses, for the prevention of occupational hazards various techniques and plans are executed. security to take care of health and to save the lives of employers, it should be noted that strategic and rigorous plans are used in these preventions. This prevention plan is given in order to discover or anticipate any accident at work during the work day. In this section, the measures and methodology of risk prevention will be presented to avoid and reduce risks and diseases derived from work, in turn prevent and make the employer or personnel in charge of the employer's safety aware of the worker's rights so that they do not Accidents or derivatives occur during the work day, in which case you will have problems with the law, since there are regulations that must be taken into account in every company in order to provide safety to its workers, reducing risks and creating work spaces. safe, that do not affect the physical and mental health of workers.

the OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

2023-01-29T21:27:51-05:00

Microbial dynamics in bioreactors packed with stabilized landfill material

2023-01-24T11:00:04-05:00

In bioremediation it is always complex and interesting to know which the microbial species are present in the process, therefore, in a stabilized material from a closed landfill, it is important to demonstrate the presence of bacteria that are associated in the bioprocesses of decomposition of organic matter; in this work, bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Acinetobacter, and archaea belonging to the phylum Taumarcheaota and Euryarcheaoaota were found. The biological samples were obtained from a bioreactor packed with stabilized material that had been in operation for more than four months, treating liquids from the Tuxtla Gutiérrez leachate lagoon, performing a metagenomic DNA extraction from a commercial kit, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, was sent for sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis was performed, as well as the predictive analysis of the metabolic pathways present, by reconstruction of unobserved states.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT.)

2023-01-21T17:21:51-05:00

The present research aims to define a framework of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, using the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current technological resource. A systematic review of articles disclosed between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to analyze pollution measurement. It is concluded that there are several alternatives on IoT technologies to monitor and reduce environmental pollution. Among the most common measurements are air quality monitoring, as well as water and noise pollution. Regarding the communication technology used, several options were found, including wireless technologies such as Wifi, Bluetooth and LoRa, as well as wireless sensor network technologies. The measurement data obtained are mainly used to determine the impact of pollution on human health, to make real-time decisions and to design pollution mitigation and control strategies. In addition, they allow developing recommendation systems and analyzing the long-term evolution of pollution in a given region. It is also important to consider that there is great heterogeneity in the way these technologies are used and in the data they collect, so it is necessary to establish a reference framework that facilitates consistent comparison and analysis of the results.

Evaluation of the quality in use of a transactional system

2023-01-10T10:07:50-05:00

The Peruvian software industry is experiencing constant growth due to the demand of companies, especially SMEs, and there is a need to evaluate the quality of products. In addition, not studies focused on the evaluation of the quality in use of transactional sales systems are recognized, this being used by 45.2% of manufacturing industries and 35.9% of commerce. It was proposed to evaluate the quality in use of the SYSFACT sales system as a case study, applying the ISO/IEC 25000 standard. The characteristics evaluated were effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction, and the ISO/IEC 25022 metrics were used for the measurements. The process was carried out through a technical sheet designed according to the criteria of the researchers and based on the scientific literature. The data was processed in Excel. The results show that the SYSFACT system presented an effectiveness of use of 100%, efficiency of 57% and satisfaction of 93% at a level of importance of 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively. It is concluded that the SYSFACT system has an acceptable quality in use of a satisfactory degree at 84.3%, with a deficit of 15.7%.

Español español

2023-01-09T19:46:30-05:00

Technology has played a fundamental role throughout history, especially in organizations due to globalization, which is why Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are essential for the efficient use of Information Technology. Its implementation allows the organization to ingrate the different modules and the exchange of data to manage the areas of the company efficiently; however, the expected results are not always obtained. For this reason, this study analyzes the intentions and attitudes towards using an ERP. For this, a survey was applied to 55 organizations in the province of Azuay, applying the convenience sampling technique to identify behavioural aspects regarding computer solutions. The results show that the level of education, the information needs and the management of business resources positively influence the adoption of ERP systems in organizations.

Integración de marcos de gobierno de TI y el impacto en la gestión de servicios de las organizaciones

2023-01-05T00:12:48-05:00

Organizations currently look for their processes to be carried out in the best way, generating significant value for their benefit, so it is important to know the impact generated by the integration of IT governance frameworks in the service management of organizations. To develop this systematic review article, 51 articles from different databases between the years 2018 and 2022 were taken into account. There are two fundamental principles of governance that can contribute significantly to the development of a company: compliance and performance. Therefore, with the review, the main benefits obtained by following and implementing IT governance frameworks were found, it was also possible to identify that the most used framework is COBIT, achieving the development of IT management capabilities of the organizations and thus answer the main question: What are the main impacts that the integration of IT governance frameworks has had on service management?, demonstrating that the impact generated by the integration of these frameworks varies significantly, giving different results depending on the sector to which the organization belongs, all these impacts being very beneficial for the ob objectives that have been raised to follow.

Englis english

2023-01-24T14:50:21-05:00

The formation of the digital identity is one of the most important tasks or activities that a university student has, due to the handling of data and personal information that is shared depending on the website that is used, which generates the importance of protecting and maintaining privacy. of our data. The objective of this article is to make known how the student manages his digital identity based on academic and professional aspects, for this, as researchers, we designed a knowledge survey about digital identity, validated by a web scraping system that will help to specify the data. more accurately about the use and customs of students on the web. Among the most significant results, we highlight that students have their preferences when creating a profile within the network and recognize the importance of social networks in their relationship by creating social ties. In this way, one of the conclusions we reached is that although students have knowledge, they do not put it into practice, which affects their visibility in the academic and professional spheres, this being a key factor for research and the world of work.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT.)

2023-01-04T08:26:05-05:00

Nowadays, pollution has become a trending topic due to climate change, which causes negative effects on the population. The purpose of this research is to conduct a literature review to define a frame of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, all this through the current technological resources represented by the Internet of Things (IoT), which is the sum of several technologies that seek to promote the quality of life of people and can be used to monitor environmental change.

The strategy used for conducting the systematic review was the PRISMA methodology, in addition, criteria were used for the inclusion of the literature taking into account articles or case studies published between 2018 and 2022, where the measurement of pollution is analyzed, providing conclusive results.

This research discovered with the description of results and recommendations that support the use of IoT tools to improve monitoring tasks especially for data recording in the cloud, also, with the support of statistical software to record changes in different environments periodically to be analyzed later

Diseño de procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública del Perú

2023-01-03T19:30:07-05:00

There is a need to achieve effective management in higher education institutions, given their constant audits that seek to verify compliance with basic quality standards. The objective was to develop a process management model based on Business Process Management (BPM) for the library management of the EESPPT, in order to characterize the key processes of the business line, develop a process map, model the processes, and adopt the proposal as an efficient management model. A non-experimental, longitudinal, descriptive-propositive, quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 50 students and 15 administrative staff, to whom a questionnaire was applied to collect data on the problem. A questionnaire was applied to them to collect data on the problem. 28.57% of the library staff is aware of the book registry, while more than 75% consider that it has deficiencies. The study concluded with the design of a new process management model based on Business Process Management (BPM). The model consists of 9 processes, 2 strategic: strategic planning, projection and relationship with society; 5 training processes: purchase of physical and online bibliographic material, registration of academic research, home lending and support for teaching and research; and 2 support processes: evaluation of suppliers and user training.

Social dynamics of face masks as single-use waste from the COVID-19 pandemic

2023-01-23T11:25:45-05:00

The impact generated by Urban Solid Waste (MSW) is associated with the risk in the population due to ignorance of the proper final disposal of single-use waste, specifically with face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the objective of carrying out a national diagnosis on the management and final disposal of waste, a national survey was prepared with the support of the digital tool google form, in order to obtain data to assess the environmental impact on the use and disposal of solid waste. urban masks for mandatory use during the pandemic. It was identified that 35% of the interviewees mix the face masks with household waste, which is a potential factor for public health and environmental problems. 61.5% of these indicated that they were unaware of any COVID-19 waste management plan. This demonstrated the lack of knowledge about these, which causes inadequate management of these residues. The results of this research demonstrated the importance of implementing treatment alternatives to reduce the impact of face masks, highlighting that the most appropriate remedial treatment must be economically viable and with minimal environmental impact in order to properly manage MSW-COVID. -19.

Medical Dermatological Images of Covid 19: Erasure Code and Compression.

2022-12-26T13:41:01-05:00

This paper takes advantage of the quasi-periodicity of the principal components (PCs) in the decomposition into PCs of medical images, which represent dermatological manifestations in paucisymptomatic patients of COVID-19. Here, an album of photos was taken of one of the most frequent patterns in COVID-19, the maculopapular pattern, characterized by an erythmatopapular rash, and compression of one of the medical images was performed. Said compression was conducted in 5 different ways: 1) using two PCs, 2) using both a periodic PC and a non-periodic PC, 3) using two periodic PCs, 4) using a single PC, and 5) using a single periodic PC. In addition, a battery of tests was implemented to avoid false positives or negatives in the diagnosis of the disease. This battery contains the Reed-Solomon erasure code from the zfec library. The results of this research proved that it is possible to work with acceptable reconstructions of compressed images in the field of dermatology, without losing the quality and characteristics that allow to reach a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, the processing times in the recovery of JPG vs PNG files are optimal, and the above achievement permits to correctly classify many diseases without fear of being wrong.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT

2022-12-22T19:28:34-05:00

Lighting evaluation and implementation of an energy efficiency plan in the company MANTRANSVE

2022-12-21T01:35:27-05:00

The present investigation focuses on the evaluation of lighting quality in work areas of the Mantransve company, which is preparing to implement a plan to verify the efficiency of energy in the establishment. A descriptive investigation was applied to collect the information, as well as a deductive method to know the object of study with its respective variables. In addition, an initial diagnosis of the company was made through a SWOT matrix in specific areas of the company, to continue with the procedure of the energy efficiency plan. Subsequently, 54 workers were surveyed between the technical and administrative area. Technical lighting data in lumens was taken before and after to give way to the development of the Lighting Energy Efficiency Plan after simulating in DIALUX. Among the results, the contrast of hypotheses indicates that there is a significant improvement and the existence of energy savings in the medium term with respect to lighting in the areas analyzed according to the UNE 12464.1 standard designed for the interior. In this way, it is concluded to propose a total change in the luminaires to meet the level of lighting within the company.

The Digital identity of students based on results of the pattern of use of web pages resulting in Google

2022-12-20T21:13:09-05:00

Study of the air quality of the Santa Clara using advanced technologies

2022-12-20T15:23:22-05:00

Air quality monitoring in underdeveloped countries is complex, expensive, and not very viable. Without these data, it is unlikely to implement an air quality assessment and control system to mitigate the excessive growth of atmospheric pollution. This work proposes the use of the potential of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel 5P satellite of the Copernicus series of the European Space Agency to evaluate the air quality of the city of Santa Clara by identifying several elements of the composition of the atmosphere from space, such as: carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide. The instrument operates in a swept (non-scanning) configuration, with a swath width of ~ 2600 km on the Earth's surface. The presentation of the results is done by means of maps and point, areal and territorial concentration data, which allows to identify the dynamics and geographical distribution of pollution. Annual concentrations of carbon monoxide of 0.028032886 mol/m², ozone with 0.121398365 mol/m² and sulfur dioxide of 1.39641E-07 mol/m² were obtained. These values are within the range of low values and for ozone medium values.

Caracterización socio productiva de pequeños sistemas de crianza de cuyes en una zona de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador

2022-12-15T11:45:32-05:00

Guinea pig production stands out for being an economic activity that is channel into breeding, reproduction and market. With the objective of socially and productively characterizing the small guinea pig breeding systems in the Juan Montalvo parish, belonging to the Latacunga canton of the Cotopaxi province, Ecuador, a survey was designed for small producers and local authorities that amounted to 339 people. . This was structure with closed and directed questions. Social variables were evaluate: age, marital status, gender, school level, and training. The productive ones were income level of the producers, weekly and monthly guinea pig production, as well as prices and marketing. The results reflected that the highest percentages of those who handle the animals are women (72), and that there are no illiterates in the families, the training is focus on the subject of market study with 60%. The largest number of producers are between 40 and 49 years old. The highest income was reflect in the minority with only 4%, and guinea pig prices ranged between 6 and 20 USD depending on the completion of the product. It was conclude that the socio-productive characterization of the small guinea pig breeding systems in the Juan Montalvo parish reflected the need to expand training on marketing and increase actions to achieve greater financing that allows increasing the production of a species that has great cultural roots in the region, and improve the living conditions of the inhabitants.

Caracterización química de la harina de Brassica oleracea y su empleo en la alimentación de pollos de ceba de la línea Cobb 500

2022-12-15T11:04:46-05:00

Broccoli flour (Brassica oleracea) was characterize and different productive indicators were evaluate when using it in the ration of fattening chickens. For which, 210 animals of the Cobb 500 line were used in a completely randomized design, which were divided into seven groups that constituted the experimental treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% broccoli flour ).The animals were feeding with balanced according to the experimental phase, which was carried out from week one to eight. For flour, dry matter, crude protein, fiber, ash, organic matter and metabolizable energy were determined. In addition, the variables were evaluate: live weight, feed conversion, consumption and viability. A simple classification analysis of variance was perform. To analyze the normal distribution of the data, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was use, for the homogeneity of the variance the Bartlett test and to compare the Keuls means with the use of the statistic program version 10 for Windows. The results showed high protein values for broccoli flour. The productive indicators reflected that by increasing the days of rearing, the treatment with the use of 30% inclusion of the meal was higher with a live weight of 3.17 kg/birds, a consumption of 5.22 and a conversion of 1,64 g/kg, as well as, no deaths occurred (100% viability). The study showed that up to 30% broccoli flour could be used without affecting the productive indicators and reducing mortality in birds.

Las Potencialidades de pasturas en sistemas de producción familiares en la provincia Los Ríos, Ecuador. Verano

2023-05-25T14:31:50-05:00

With the objective of determining the potentialities of grasses, most used in family production systems in the province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, during the summer. The study was carried out in the areas, Laboratory of Ruminology, and Nutritional Metabolism of the State Technical University of Quevedo, located in the Experimental Campus. "La María", km 7 ¹/₂ of The Quevedo Mocache road, Los Ríos, Ecuador. The species used in the livestock systems were selected to carry out studies of productive behavior (total biomass, total yield of dry matter, leaves and stems) quality (DM, CP, ashes, OM, P, Ca, NDF, ADF, ADL, Cel, Hcel, CC, TT, TP, TCT, IVDMD, ISDMD, ODM, ME and NEL). which underwent cluster analysis to group species with similarity according to productivity and nutritional value. For production and chemical composition in summer, three main components were obtain with eigenvalues greater than one and that explain 87.27 % of the variability between varieties. In component one, 11 indicators related to protein, energy and the structural components of the cell were shown with values of preponderance greater than 0.75. In the second component, only calcium and the leaf/stem ratio were determined, and in the third component, biomass and dry matter yield. For the analysis of conglomerates for pastures, five groups were form, with the best comprehensive results for the third group, made up of M. maximus with medium to high values in CP, leaf/stem ratio, DISMS, EM and variables in the rest of the groups the indicators. All this information would contribute to the design of technological alternatives for sowing, establishment, management and use of its biomass as a source of food where the productivity and sustainability of the ecosystem is minimize. It is recommend carrying out new research to evaluate the impacts of the technological alternatives proposed in the livestock and in the ecosystem.

Bromatological characterization of the husk of three varieties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and its effect on the organoleptic properties in the preparation of an infusion

2022-12-12T21:45:06-05:00

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of roasting temperature (120, 130 and 140 °C) on the bromatological characteristics of three varieties of cocoa husks (Forastero, Trinitario and CCN51) and their effect on the organoleptic properties of an infusion. For the evaluation of bromatological characteristics (humidity, pH and titratable acidity) and alkaloid analysis (theobromine and caffeine). For the organoleptic analysis, a 9-point hedonic test was used, complemented with the Kruskal Wallis test. This allowed determining that the roasting temperature significantly influenced the bromatological characteristics and that the values of the evaluated parameters decreased as the temperature increased. The study of alkaloids showed that the type of cocoa husk had an impact on the content. In addition, high roasting temperature reduces theobromine and considerably increases caffeine. In the case of organoleptic analysis, it was determined that T₁(Forastero + 120 °C) obtained the highest scores for aroma, flavor and acceptability. For color, T₄ (Trinitario + 120 °C) stood out with the highest score. It is attributed that the presence of bitter, acidic and astringent flavors is due to temperatures greater than or equal to 140 °C in any type of cocoa husk for the preparation of an infusion.

Diseño de procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública del Perú

2022-12-09T21:13:36-05:00

Existe la necesidad de lograr una gestión efectiva en las instituciones de educación superior, dado a sus constantes fiscalizaciones que buscan verificar el cumplimiento de estándares básicos de calidad. El objetivo fue elaborar un modelo de gestión por procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria de la EESPPT, de manera que se caracterice los procesos claves del giro del negocio, elabore un mapa de procesos, modele los procesos, y se adopte la propuesta como un modelo de gestión eficiente. Se realizó una investigación no experimental, longitudinal, descriptiva-propositiva, de corte cuantitativo, con una muestra de 50 estudiantes y 15 administrativos, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para recoger datos sobre la problemática. El 28.57% del personal bibliotecario tiene conocimiento respecto al registro de libros, mientras que más del 75% considera que tiene deficiencias. Se concluye con el diseño de un nuevo modelo de gestión por procesos, basado en Business Process Management (BPM). El modelo consta de 9 procesos, 2 estratégicos: planificación estratégica, proyección y relación con la sociedad; 5 de formación: compra de material bibliográfico físico y en línea, registro de investigaciones académicas, préstamo domiciliario y apoyo a la docencia e investigación; y 2 de apoyo: evaluación de proveedores y formación de usuarios.

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

2022-12-08T05:41:34-05:00

Economic valuation of carbon sequestration as environmental service in La Pita, Manabí-Ecuador

2022-12-02T11:41:21-05:00

Through the conservation and sustainable development of forests, climate change has been mitigated. In this research, an economic valuation of carbon capture as an environmental service in the La Pita community, Manabí - Ecuador, is carried out, maintaining a quantitative approach and a type of non-experimental value research. The work is divided into two phases: i) the determination of the captured carbon (t/Ha), where land use was taken into account and ii) the obtaining of the biomass and total in an extension of one hectare using an indirect method. not destructive. It will end that, in the study area there is a total of 144 individuals CO₂ collectors, belonging to 11 tree species; with a potential for carbon sequestration of 5.03x10⁹ tons for the high zone and 4.07x10⁹ tons for the middle zone, considering the species of Mangífera indica, Samanea saman, Cordia alliodora, Cedrela odorata and Triplaris cumingiana as the ones with the highest carbon sequestration capacity. carbon capture. In conclusion, the La Pita community stores 873.50 tons of carbon, and despite estimating a low value, it implies an economic value of $8 734.98, benefiting the environmental service of carbon capture.

Numerical analysis of operation of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) using CFD

2023-01-05T14:02:05-05:00

The present study numerically analyzes, using CFD, the operation of a wave energy converter (WEC) with local sea conditions. The dynamics of the device caused by the propagation of the waves was characterized in the commercial software ANSYS Fluent applying domain reduction criteria, structured cells, and dynamic mesh with 6DOF. Performing 1:5 scale simulations of a real device installed offshore the prediction of the fluid dynamics was achieved with an error between 3.6 % and 4.7 % comparing the elevation of the free surface of the waves and between 5 and 6 % in the angular displacement of the solid in relation to the experimental. For the analysis, data was extracted from the INOCAR-SWAN model at points near Esmeraldas and the Gulf of Guayaquil, detailing the feasibility of generating energy from the device in these areas. Better results in terms of device dynamics were obtained in sea states with greater depth and longer wave periods, presenting average mechanical power between 0.165 kW and 0.22 kW.

Isolation and evaluation of native strains of Trichoderma spp. as root development promoter

2022-11-29T16:23:25-05:00

The application of liquid solutions of Trichoderma, of different isolates obtained from four provinces of the Ecuadorian Amazon, of three different crops was studied due to the potential of the fungus to synthesize Secondary Metabolites (SM), as the acid-3-indolacetic acid (AIA), once isolated the strains of Trichoderma of soil, the best ones were selected by means of a screenning, where a solution 1x10⁷ of spores of each one of the isolates was applied in corn seed and it was left for one hour in soaking in this solution, after 15 days of growth of the plants, height, thickness and diameter of roots were evaluated, as a result, nine isolates were selected. The liquid solutions of these nine isolates were inoculated on corn plants (DEKALB 7088). The inoculations were carried out every 15 days until the plants were 60 days old, by means of the evaluation of height of plant, diameter of roots.

Environmental Dimension in Smart Cities

2023-01-05T18:17:03-05:00

The overpopulation of large cities brings with it an increase in waste, which is mostly not recycled. Among waste, the most abundant material is plastic, a material whose degradation is very slow and causes great damage to the environment. Among smart cities strategies should be recycling planning and promoting the reduction of waste volumes that ultimately remain outside of recycling. It is important to note that a very low percentage of the waste considered as garbage is actually recycled. This paper shows a proposal to reduce plastic waste, based on the recycling of bottles (PET plastic - Polyethylene Terephthalate). The procedure shown in this work allows the recycling of these plastic bottles to apply them directly as raw material to build new objects using 3D printing. These new objects not only allows reducing the amount of plastic waste but also reuse it in everyday objects. Achieving a reduction of waste through citizen recycling techniques together with the possibilities of promoting government actions to reduce non-recyclable plastic packaging will have a strong impact on the cities that we plan for the future, smart cities.

Birdwatching to promote ecotourism in the Ricuricocha lagoon in Peru

2022-11-10T23:19:55-05:00

Birdwatching is a booming type of tourism that attracts a market segment with high purchasing power, which due to its behavior is friendly to the environment and whose profile is directly linked to ecotourism. The objective of the research was to identify bird species in order to promote ecotourism in the Ricuricocha lagoon in the San Martín region. To do this, an inventory of birds was carried out following the point count, direct count, intensive search and line and strip transect methodologies between June and October 2017. The bird records were compared with the Birds of Peru Guide. The results show the observation of 167 species belonging to 48 families and 22 orders, of which 17 species are of interest for birdwatching; 10 migratory species were also recorded, among them the most representative were from the Tyrannidae family. It is concluded that the registry of birds in the wetland will have information on birds of the Peruvian Amazon for its use for ecotourism, educational and scientific purposes. The importance of this research lies in the diversification of ecotourism in San Martín that contributes to tourism development.

Cassava and banana waste evaluation to obtain fermentable sugars

2022-11-08T19:03:59-05:00

Cassava and plantain residues are lignocellulosic biomasses, with revaluation potential through biorefining processes. The production of sugars is the stage prior to the fermentation process, hence its importance in studying them. In this work, after characterizing the residues, a chemical pretreatment was carried out in order to evaluate its effectiveness in obtaining total reducing sugars (TRS). A 2³ factorial design of experiments was proposed, whose factors were: hydrolysis type (acid, alkaline), the concentration of the hydrolyzing agent (1.2% v/v), and reaction time (30, 60 min). The highest TRS content for banana peel was 2.35 g/L and, was obtained by working with 1% NaOH. In the cassava shell, a TRS concentration of 1.95 g/L was reached when using 2% H2SO4. For both residues, the best results were found with a reaction time of 60 minutes. Through the ANOVA it was known that the factors by themselves do not exert a significant influence on the production of ART, although it was shown that there is an interaction between them. It is important to know the relationship that exists between the pretreatment methods used in the production of ART, as a preliminary step to fermentative processes through which it is possible to obtain a variety of bioproducts.

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

2022-10-31T06:31:18-05:00

M Comparative analysis of the thermal efficiency of a flat plate solar collector varying the glass type in the cover

2022-10-26T10:35:30-05:00

A comparative analysis of the thermal efficiency of flat plate solar collectors for air heating due to incident solar radiation was carried out. Two flat plate solar collectors and conventional cover of dark and clear glass were used, which allowed determining the incidence of incident solar radiation on the air outlet temperature. Experiments were carried out under equal conditions with real-time data collection every minute for six hours a day and four conditions: without forced air, with forced air at 0.033 kg/s, 0.5 kg/s and 0.061 kg/s. The experimentation allowed to define that the application of dark glass decreases the thermal efficiency, the best values are obtained when using clear glass, the outlet temperature obtained reaches average values of 8.26 °C without forced air. The comparative thermal performance between solar collectors with clear and dark glass covers shows values that reach 12 % in clear glass covers, the experimental incident solar radiation values varied between 200 W/m² and 1500 W/m².

Digital gamification in preschool learning: a systematic review of the literature

2023-01-06T14:52:29-05:00

In the educational context, gamification has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance learning and motivation. With the rise of information and communication technologies, digital gamification (DG) has emerged. Although there are numerous studies summarizing the contributions of gamification in education, very few have included preschool education. The present systematic review, supported by 25 primary studies published between 2014 and 2022 and indexed in Scopus and Web of Sciences, seeks to close this gap by characterizing the main contributions, and qualitatively synthesizing the effects of DG. The results indicate that there is a growing interest in the topic, where most of the studies originate in Asia; they are published in journals; and are based on the proposal of video games for computers or mobile devices that seek to improve language learning. Narrative approach research predominates, based on samples of less than 10 participants, employing Achievement (Progression) type game elements. The 15 studies that measured the effect of DG report positive results.

Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of a direct passive solar dehydrator of wet olive pomace

2022-10-18T09:31:39-05:00

In this work, a prototype of a direct passive solar dehydrator of wet olive pomace is designed, with the atmospheric conditions of Jaén, due to the need to reduce the humidity percentage of the wet olive pomace for its subsequent use as an energy source. for its good energy potential. To meet this objective, a prototype is developed, which brings together essential characteristics for dehydration, including the monitoring of variables such as: temperature, humidity and radiation. A CFD simulation of the dehydrator is carried out to know the temperature and speed profiles, this simulation is validated with experimental data obtained by the sensors obtained from the prototype. Subsequently, the design is evaluated by submitting a sample of moist olive pomace to the dehydration process in the prototype, with the daily data collection of the process, the drying curve and the evolution curve of the lower calorific value of the dehydrated olive pomace are constructed.

Improvement of rubber floor properties, obtained by crushing recycled tires, trough the adjustment of manufacture process.

2022-10-12T15:45:21-05:00

In the research, a study is carried out to improve the properties of the rubber floor product obtained from the crushing of tires that are no longer in use. By experimenting with the manufacturing process for this product, conducting tests through the variation of some process factors such as: temperature, mixing time, pressing time, amount of resin and amount of release agent, which brings about a reduction in the use of raw material by 50% and a decrease in non-compliant product from 54 to 6% which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the floor manufacturing process from 46 to 94%, thus seeking to reduce production costs in relation to current production.

Analysis of the global solar radiation to estimate the optimal tilt angle for flat-plate solar collectors. Study case: Quito-Ecuador

2022-10-07T13:24:27-05:00

This study focuses on global solar radiation as an energy resource for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy for Ecuador. Based on an anisotropic mathematical model and global solar radiation database, the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic system for electrical generation is determined based on the solar radiation of the most unfavorable month for Ecuador's geographic conditions. Through this process, it is concluded that the optimal tilt results chosen by other authors that coincide with the altitude of the place of study, do not favor the use of solar radiation. Therefore, with an inclination of 15° with a view to the north, there is an increase of 25.4% in solar capture concerning the 0° inclination, since the benefits of this turn favor aspects such as self-cleaning by taking advantage of certain climatic conditions.

Implementation of good manufacturing practices in a company that produces cocoa products

2022-10-06T15:19:22-05:00

The objective of this work was the initial evaluation of the company AFRODISIAK, in its processes to compare with the requirements demanded by the national resolution ARCSA-DE-067-2015-GGG, in order to generate actions that help to correct the shortcomings and to be able to achieve compliance with these requirements, and thus improve production, reduce costs, have trained personnel and prepare the company for a certification in Good manufacturing practices in the short term, and thus increase the sources of income of the company. The results obtained were favorable, initially presenting 42% compliance based on the requirements checklist, and after the implementation of the improvement actions, the compliance percentage was 96%, also taking into account that 15 items did not apply to the situation of the company.

Improvement of rubber floor properties, obtained by crushing recycled tires, trough the adjustment of manufacture process.

2022-10-06T13:21:31-05:00

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

2022-10-04T09:01:00-05:00

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of the project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique which has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains. The ontologies represented by means of Web Ontology Language, a formal language based on description logics, enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the information. This paper aims to describe an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the integration and reduction of conceptual ambiguity in software standards descriptions and contribute to improve the understanding of these standards.

Analysis of the mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of type E glass fibers

2022-10-03T22:43:09-05:00

The main objective of this project is to evaluate the influence of the addition of fiberglass on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. For this, the addition of different percentages of type E glass fiber (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and two lengths (12 and 25 mm) was considered. Abrams slump tests and compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests were performed for the ages of 14 and 28 days. The results show that fiberglass considerably decreases the workability of concrete. Fiberglass, both 12 and 25 mm long, does not result in significant changes in compressive strength. On the other hand, increases in tensile and flexural strength are observed mainly for 1% glass fiber, regardless of length. Other percentages of fiberglass can increase the average tensile and flexural strength, but it is not statistically significant. Fiberglass can improve the mechanical properties of concrete at adequate percentages; however, there is a loss of workability, which can make it difficult to install.

Effect of dietary fiber on immunity: a peruvian case

2022-10-03T20:14:19-05:00

Life in big cities brings with it an unbalanced diet with minimal dietary fiber consumption and consequently an increase in comorbidities. The objectives of the present study were: to know the dietary fiber and its physiological effects in humans, to relate dietary fiber with the intestinal microbiota and to know Peruvian foods with a high content of dietary fiber. Sources of scientific information from papers and technical documents were used. The results were: dietary fiber is a set of carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units that are not hydrolyzable by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine and includes very important non-digestible polymers with three to nine degrees associated with vegetable cell wall components; the physiological effects are: improvements in intestinal health, glycemic control, cholesterol reduction, weight control and increased absorption of minerals; It is related to the intestinal microbiota because it ferments dietary fiber to produce compounds that are easily assimilated by humans. It also promotes the growth and balance of the intestinal microbiota, which is related to immunity. Peruvian foods with high dietary fiber content are: Andean grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and seeds. A population educated in nutrition and the importance of dietary fiber consumption will be a population with the minimum number of diseases and infections.

Chemical treatment of sugar cane vinase with hydrogen peroxide

2022-10-28T09:31:52-05:00

Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, with a fine honey odor and malt flavor, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150000 mg/L, being highly polluting. This work reports results of the oxidative treatment of vinasse, using hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals, at laboratory scale. The stillage samples were characterized by physicochemical determinations following the standard techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasse ratios in a semi-batch reactor under ambient conditions. After 5 days, an 85% decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0,3694 1/day. Although the COD values allowed by regulations (250 and 500 mg/L, to be deposited in water and soil, respectively) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity and low cost

Impact of the use of technological tools aquaculture

2022-10-19T10:03:04-05:00

Peruvian aquaculture is booming, so it deserves to be technified from a sustainable and competitive perspective. The objective of the review was to identify the current panorama of Peruvian aquaculture and the factors that limit its development, as well as to analyze the benefits of the use of technological tools in aquaculture. To this end, a review methodology was applied based on three phases: i) development of the research question; ii) document search; and ii) review and selection of studies. The search engine used was Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WOS), Scielo and Redalyc databases. The review showed that aquaculture in Peru is developed in few regions and with few species. According to PNIPA, the factors limiting its development are related to noncompliance with current sanitary regulations, vessels that are not registered in public registries, and the absence of accreditation controls for artisanal fishermen.

Technification of the feeding process reduces operating costs. Sensors make it possible to visualize the variation of parameters in real time, reducing the fish mortality rate. Automatic counting and classification reduces fish stress and avoids economic damage to production. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve aquaculture technification, the government and producers must work together, implementing policies and strategies that guarantee greater profitability and sustainability over time.

Sistema automatizado con visión artificial para el procesamiento primario de conchas de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus)

2022-12-09T16:40:33-05:00

Aquatic products such as scallops or fan shells (Argopecten purpuratus) are very popular with consumers and their visual quality is often detected manually for sorting, species grading, and freshness assessment. Machine vision has been used in the detection of the external quality of various food products, including aquatic products, because of its efficiency, objectivity, consistency and reliability. The objective of this work is to design a system based on artificial vision to automate the primary processing (washing, checking, and coding) of fan shell stems in the fishing company Piura Sea Food S.A.C., in order to detect product defects, and optimize the process. All design guidelines were established including the selection of cameras, lenses, and lighting system, processing methods, programming of system components, and interfaces, image analysis and management. The system based on artificial intelligence for image capture, and processing through the interconnection of equipment coupled to an intelligent PLC control unit, which by means of an HMI unit, and Convolutional Neural Network software, manages to detect the stems with defects, and discard them in real time.

El Design of a direct concentration solar system to generate high temperature thermal energy in Huancayo-Peru

2022-10-03T12:31:19-05:00

Solar energy in Peru is abundant, therefore, its use should be extended to other possibilities, such as the generation of medium and high temperature energy, and be used in the productive sector, without emitting greenhouse gases into the environment. The direct concentration solar system is a device that captures direct radiation through the parabolic disk concentrator, and it reflects towards the absorber that is at the focus of the system, in which the heat flow is concentrated and its continuity depends of concentrator motion based on azimuth angle and elevation. In this regard there are studies, in which they highlight the way to configure the system, taking into consideration; selection of materials, safety in their use and the optical efficiency of the system, which guarantees the achievement of the required temperature in the focus. The reasons that encourage the study, is the extension of the use of solar energy for more demanding applications, without polluting the environment, such is the case, the purpose of the study is to conceptually and categorically design a direct concentration solar system for produce high temperature thermal energy (T°>250°C), using a design methodology focused on VDI 2221 and a systemic research method. As a result, the system composed of a concentrator, receiver and structure with two degrees of freedom is presented.

Geospatial analysis of deforestation caused by oil palm plantations in the canton of San Lorenzo - Ecuador

2022-09-22T08:11:32-05:00

Oil palm plantations have grown very rapidly, raising concerns about the loss of forest area. Therefore, the objective of the research was to analyze with geospatial information the deforestation caused by oil palm plantations in the San Lorenzo canton. The geospatial analysis to estimate the area deforested by the establishment of oil palm plantations was carried out with official layers from the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Ecological Transition, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and satellite images, achieving a study period from 1990 to 2022. The surface total deforested area is 59.727,43 ha, which represents 21.47% of the forest area in 1990 and an average loss of native forest per year of 2.132,12 ha. The area of palm plantations is 25.049,73 ha, of which 90.34% of the total area of plantations. It was possible to show that 37.89% of the deforested area during the study period corresponds to the establishment of oil palm plantations, which indicates that deforestation could also be associated with other factors such as the expansion of the agricultural, livestock frontier. and the felling of commercial forest species.

Seed viability, germination and seedling quality patterns of three forest species for restoration in Amazonian conditions

2022-09-22T08:03:15-05:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality patterns of Switenia macrophylla, Cedrelinga cateniformis and Ochroma pyramidale seeds and seedlings in response to restoration. The seed viability test was performed using 1 % tetrazolium (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) during three staining times and the percentage of viability and vigor levels were considered according to the topological staining pattern. Germination speed, germination capacity, and morphological indices of plant quality were determined using the aboveground belowground ratio, slenderness, degree of lignification and Dickson's quality. The highest percentage of viable seeds with the maximum staining time (3 hours) was verified. The medium vigor category was higher in the three species, as determined by a partial reddish staining pattern as an expression of their physiological quality, which was reflected in the response to germination. The morphological quality indices allowed us to identify the species’ potential for growth and development for acclimatization to the area. The correspondence analysis was significant (p≤0.05), which facilitated the formation of quality groups, C. cateniformis was found to be of a high-enough quality as an indicator of its potential to cover restoration needs in Amazonian conditions.

Evaluation of forest residues of potential species to obtain carbon as clean energy in the Ecuadorian Amazon

2022-09-23T12:10:08-05:00

Timber residues due to its use for the construction industry and others provided by the secondary forest and its high content of lignocellulosic material for energy purposes, our objective was to evaluate the forest residues of six species to obtain carbon as clean energy. , which represents great interest for the energy industry. Through the methodology of the study of inventories and sampling of wood residues from sawmills that was in the four cantons of the province of Pastaza, through instrumental techniques of physical, chemical and thermal analysis, the parameters studied were the biomass potential and residue, density, humidity, ashes, volatiles, fixed carbon and higher calorific value (immediate analysis), carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHONS), which allowed obtaining the thermochemical properties, reaching the main results of energy potential, of these three species that can be used for clean energy, due to the amount of ash found in the analyzes below 1% and volatiles (60-80%) of these residues, which clearly shows that it prevents the formation of scale in equipment and damage, in relation to its fixed carbon content on average of 14.78% and its superior calorific value 19.72 Mj/kg, assessing the fact industrial reliability for its energy use that will generate 515.62 GW of clean energy in electrical thermal power annually to meet the needs of vulnerable areas of the Amazon region.

Hydrological modeling of the urban basin of the Bélico river in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba

2022-09-27T12:36:32-05:00

Urban floods are a phenomenon associated with heavy rainfall in relatively short periods of time, the causes that cause them are dissimilar and are generally accompanied by poor urban planning that reduces hydraulic sections of rivers, streams, and any drainage channel. The city of Santa Clara in Cuba, presents serious flooding problems near the Bélico and Cubanicay rivers due to the decrease in the section of their channels due to urban indiscipline. This contribution obtains the values of the maximum runoff flow for various control sections located along these rivers, using the TR-55 model (Technical Report 55) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), for its acronym in English, formerly named Soil Conservation Service). Three models associated with convective rains Type I, II, III, associated with the peaks of the storms and their temporal location will be carried out, with which the maximum expenses associated with storms of different configuration can be defined for a probability of 1%, 2% and 10%. The results obtained show that the most critical situation occurs for Type III rain and the maximum runoff value for a 1% probability at the basin closure point is 170 m³/s.

Review of Static and Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms most commonly used in different environments

2022-08-31T23:01:40-05:00

Load balancing guarantees a network better performance and access to its resources by distributing traffic according to its priority either by means of software or hardware using different algorithms that are chosen depending on the type of service to be served and the state of the network servers at the time of the user's request. This article describes the state of the art of static and dynamic load balancing algorithms with better results in performance, decrease of response times and absence of overload, according to the 20 studies reviewed in this research one of the algorithms with better results in static approaches is the Round Robin algorithm with their respective improvements as well as in the dynamic algorithms we have the Accelerated algorithm and the Ant Colony algorithm.

Comportamiento del consumidor antes y durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en la provincia de El Oro

2022-08-23T18:58:24-05:00

La presente investigación analiza el impacto de la pandemia en las preferencias de los consumidores, dentro del marco del comercio electrónico para recomendar estrategias de mercado que acerquen al consumidor hacia una atención más digital, por lo que se hizo uso del estadístico de comparación de muestras relacionadas de Wilcoxon para datos no paramétricos con el fin de realizar una confrontación de frecuencias entre grupos de distintos tiempos que midieron el comportamiento de los usuarios en este mismo intervalo. Se utilizó la encuesta como instrumento de investigación y se pudo evidenciar un incremento en las compras en línea, destacando el uso de las tarjetas de crédito o débito y una reducción de las compras en establecimientos físicos. En el caso de la percepción sobre el comercio electrónico, existió un incremento en la sensación de facilidad, necesidad y mayor grado de utilidad sobre el mismo. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la pandemia generó un impacto significativo sobre el comportamiento del consumidor y las percepciones de comercio electrónico en el grupo de estudio.

Productividad y calidad nutritiva de asociación de Clitoria ternatea con Megathyrsus maximus y Brachiaria decumbens

2022-09-21T09:00:38-05:00

Para determinar el comportamiento productivo y nutritivo de la asociación de Clitoria ternatea con Megathyrsus maximus y Brachiaria decumbens. Se utilizaron ocho parcelas (4x4 m, 16 m²) de 2 años en un diseño de completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial de 2x3: A: Asociaciones (Megathyrsus maximus+ Clitoria ternatea y Brachiaria decumbens + Clitoria ternatea) y B: Edades de corte de 80, 110 y 140 días. Se determinaron el peso de la raíz, biomasa total, rendimiento en materia seca total, de hojas y tallos; relación hoja/tallos y biomasa área/raíz, así como la composición bromatológica del forraje, química y microbiológica del suelo. Se realizó análisis de varianza de acuerdo con el diseño experimental y los valores medios se compararon mediante la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan (1955). Para todos los indicadores de la productividad se encontró interacción (P<0,05) asociación x edad de rebrote, los mayores valores para el peso de la raíz, biomasa, RMS total, hojas y tallos; fueron reportados para la asociación (Megathyrsus maximus + Clitoria ternatea) a los 140 días (0,80; 5,98; 2,27; 0,91 y 1,30 t.ha^-1, respectivamente).Experimentaron disminución con la madures la PB, Hcel, CC y MO, Mientras que, el resto de los componentes de la pared celular FND, FAD, LAD, Cel y ceniza incrementaron sus valores con la edad del vegetal (180 días) con 68,34; 38,27 y 34,15%; la digestibilidad y aporte energético con los valores más altos a los 80 días y la asociación M. maximus+C. ternatea 48,42; 49,71%; 7,12; 3,96 y 3,44 MJ.Kg^-1. Los análisis microbiológicos de las asociaciones pasto-leguminosa, donde se puede observar que a los 80 días la asociación de M. maximus+C. ternatea presenta una población de bacterias, actinomicetos, Solubilizadores de P y fijadores de N asimbiótico superior al de la asociación B. decumbens+C. ternatea con 3,9 x 10⁵; 4,7 x 10⁶; 3,5 x 10⁴ y 1,6 x 10³. En el presente estudio quedo evidenciado el efecto de la asociación de las leguminosas en la productividad, calidad nutricional, mejoramiento de la composición química y microbiológica del suelo. Con su mejor comportamiento para M. maximus por sus características que la hacen muy plástica y adaptable a las condiciones de sombra y acompañamiento de especies arvenses.

Technology Acceptance Model of ERP software in Small Business: A Systematic Literature review

2022-10-04T13:40:48-05:00

Adopting an ERP system could become a task that does not necessarily lead to success. In this work, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature considering the technology acceptance model (TAM) in an exhaustive search of 11 scientific databases, applying the PRISMA method. A total of 341 articles were obtained, and 53 were selected as eligible. The Iramuteq tool under R was applied to perform text analysis to quantify the results. We conclude that the relevant factors to consider in implementing an ERP become the mitigation of computational anxiety. The literature identifies some strategies, such as adequate end-user formation programs, documentation, technical facilitation conditions, social influence, and organizational motivators.

Optimal stages of RF energy harvesting and storage systems

2022-09-14T08:55:07-05:00

This document presents a review of models of Radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting systems, extracted from articles published in scientific repositories around the world. Its objective is to extract relevant information from each of them, such as: system topology, circuits and characteristics of each stage, electronic components used, dimensions, among others. With this information, the data is tabulated and compared, in order to determine which one has the best characteristics according to each stage and consider it to carry out a deeper investigation and improve its design to capture more energy. To carry out this study, a methodology divided into four phases was used, which are: research, scientific reading, extraction of relevant information and tabulation. Once the study of the selected systems was carried out, a comparison was made between the results obtained in each one and the topology, circuits or elements that obtained the best results for the stages of: Antenna, Coupling, Rectification, Energy Management and Storage were selected. of energy. Finally, an application for Android devices was created in which all the information collected, and results obtained are found so that it works as a reference source for future research.

The environmental impact of concrete production and alternative methods

2023-01-05T18:07:19-05:00

In the present work it is possible to determine the negative impact of the production of concrete and alternative methods of its production are presented as possible solutions to find a way to continue using the concrete with the replacement of some of its components by recycled materials contributing to the realization of sustainable construction. This achievement is achieved through the analysis of 11 articles (obtained in databases such as Redalyc, Google Scholar and Dialnet) that are related to the topic to be discussed. In turn, the discussion between the different authors and their content prompted the realization of conclusions through a large majority of coincidences. Within these conclusions we can find that the standardized production process makes it possible to experiment with various additions of materials, this fact being what contributes to the affirmation of the versatility of concrete and contribution to sustainable construction.

Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle as an Alternative to Generate Topographic Information

2022-09-08T12:38:34-05:00

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a very versatile technology tool in several application areas for development activities. Topography, as a fundamental area of engineering, provides information related to the three-dimensional location of points on the earth's surface. The objective of this work was to generate topographic information, using UAV as a technological alternative to traditional techniques. The methodology consisted of planning and execution of two photogrammetric flights with the EBEB SQ UAV, instrumented with the Sequoia multispectral camera. Five control points were placed on the ground, georeferenced with a total station, used as control points in the processing of the flight images. The photographs captured in flight were processed by photogrammetry with PIX4Dmapper software on a desktop computer, with an Intel(R) Core (TM) i9-9900K CPU 3.60GHz processor and 32.0 GB of RAM. The photogrammetric flight results consisted of a total of 633 RGB photographs in a flight time of 36:27 minutes, for a coverage area of 57.7 ha. The processing quality report showed an accuracy of 2 mm in the georeferencing of the photographs with the control points. The photogrammetric processing was executed in a time of 48 minutes to generate Orthophotos, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and three-dimensional point cloud. The generated products reached a spatial resolution of 5 cm/pixel, with millimeter accuracies that allowed the management of secondary topographic information such as slope. The point cloud made it possible to classify the coverage in vegetation and soil, to estimate the height of the cotton crop canopy with an accuracy of 91%. As advantages of the UAV over traditional techniques for topographic surveys, the variety and precision of geospatial products and the optimization of times can be highlighted.

(Physical, chemical and functional characteristics of the grain and starch obtained from ecotypes of colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.))

2022-11-30T14:28:32-05:00

Quinoa grains have high starch content, there are ecotypes that were not studied and these are becoming extinct, the objective was to evaluate the physical characteristics of three ecotypes of colored grains and evaluate yield, physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of starch; First, the physical characteristics of the grain were evaluated, then starch was extracted and yield, physicochemical characteristics of amylose and amylopectin by spectrophotometer and functional properties such as gelatinization temperature by thermometer, while swelling power, absorption capacity and solubility index were evaluated. They were evaluated at constant temperatures for 30 minutes, centrifuged and dried. It was found that the grains contain between 10,57 to 11,25% moisture, 2,31 to 2,86mm³ in volume, 1250 to 1253kg/m³ in density, 0,820 to 0,880mm in radius, and 280 to 347 grains per gram, while the hydrated grains showed a significant variation. Yields of 14,62 to 26,76%, 9,46 to 9,74% of amylose, 90,26 to 90,54% of amylopectin, 65,2 to 69,5°C of gelatinization temperature, 6,33 to 15,21g/g swelling power, 1,24 to 4,02% water solubility index and 2,30 to 4,21g/g water absorption capacity in the extracted starches. The quinoa studied has physical characteristics similar to other varieties and the functional properties of this starch are limited by the amylose content.

Los Beneficios de usar modelos ITIL en las áreas de TI en empresas del sector económico

2022-08-03T15:08:02-05:00

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar en qué manera mejoraron las áreas de Tecnologías de Información (TI), al seguir las buenas prácticas de la metodología ITIL evaluando los modelos que implementaron, se tomó como punto de estudio a empresas pertenecientes al sector económico para determinar todos los beneficios que obtuvieron. Para desarrollar este artículo de revisión sistemática de los beneficios que proporciona ITIL a las empresas, se tomaron en cuenta artículos de diferentes bases de datos que se encuentren entre los años 2017 y 2021. Con la revisión se encontró que los principales beneficios que se obtienen al seguir la metodología ITIL e implementar algunos de sus modelos para el manejo de las áreas de TI son: la reducción de los costos, mayor satisfacción de clientes y mejora del trabajo en equipo. Se concluye que el uso de modelos ITIL en diferentes empresas pertenecientes al sector económico ha traído muchas mejoras que ayudan a evitar el estancamiento con respecto a la globalización que el mundo está atravesando con respecto al uso de tecnologías.

Efecto biocida de los extractos vegetales en el control del pulgón de la col (Brevicoryne brassicae) en selva alta peruana

2022-10-26T15:54:18-05:00

La introducción de las hortalizas como cultivo alternativo en la selva alta peruana también implican la búsqueda de métodos de control de plagas amigables con el ambiente y el cuidado de la biodiversidad, aquí evaluamos el efecto biocida de los extractos acuosos de neem (Azadirachta indica), barbasco (Lonchocarpus nicou L.) y molle (Schinus molle L.) para el control del pulgo (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) en col (Brassica oleracea var capitata) durante la campaña agrícola 2020, en un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 3 tratamientos, más testigo absoluto y 4 réplicas. Los extractos se prepararon a partir de la combinación de hojas, tallos, corteza, frutos y raíces de las plantas a razón de 1kg y aplicados a una dosis de 6 ml por litro de agua. El barbasco fue el más eficiente en la reducción del número de pulgones por planta y la más toxica para causar en un 75,34% de mortalidad en 45 días de tratamiento, seguida por molle con 61,43% y con peso de pella de hasta 1725 g. Se concluye que los extractos vegetales disminuyeron las poblaciones del pulgón y resultan adecuados para su uso en los programas del Manejo Integrado.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SCALDING TIME ON THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa Carambola L.)

2022-07-08T11:02:46-05:00

Blanching is a thermal technology used in food processing, which decreases the content of bioactive components (antioxidants), which varies according to the species, dimension, maturity, time and temperature at which it is carried out. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and blanching time on the antioxidant capacity of carambola pulp (Averrhoa carambola L.). The carambola pulp was obtained by subjecting the raw material to 80, 85 and 90 ºC and 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the fruit and pulp was carried out applying the general characterization reactions, the determination of the antioxidant capacity consisted in the formation of the blue complex of Phosphorus-Molybdenum (V). The carambola fruit presented an abundant amount of phenolic compounds and reducing sugars, which after being subjected to the blanching process presented a decrease in the amount of phenolic compounds and reducing sugars, with respect to antioxidant capacity, this loss of antioxidant capacity is related to temperature and time, as the scalding temperature and time increases, there is a decrease in the antioxidant capacity in addition to the sensory variation of the flavor attribute of the pulp.

Robust tracking of the water level in a coupled-tank system employing Linear Matrix Inequalities

2022-06-30T14:55:24-05:00

Most of the methods employed in the industrial process control are based on the linearization of the mathematical model equations around an operating point. This leads to neglect some dynamics of the process and the loss of robustness of the controller. Liquid level control is a fundamental problem in the process industry. In this work, the nonlinear model of a coupled-tank system is described exactly by a linear parameter varying system (LPV). The parameter vector is defined as a function of the level of the tanks, which are supposed to be uncertain but changing between the technological operation limits of the tanks. This allows to describe the LPV system by a polytope inside the operating range of the tanks and in this way, using linear matrix inequalities (LMI), design a robust controller that assures the tracking of input references used frequently in practice with zero-state error and some desired specifications in the closed-loop transient response

Climatic Variability in the hydrographic basin of the Chalpi Grande river in Napo-Ecuador

2022-08-10T20:49:36-05:00

The watershed basin of the Chalpi Grande River is located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. This basin, being above 3200 m a.s.l. It has characteristics of Andean and Amazonian ecosystems. The conservation of this basin is extremely important because the supply of 2.2 m3/s for the Metropolitan District of Quito depends on this river. The objective of this research is the characterization of the additional climate of 31 years (1985-2015) of records of temperature, precipitation and flow of the Chalpi Grande River based on the historical records of INAMHI, EPMAPS and FONAG. These were systematized records filled in based on statistical methods and remote sensors for data validation. The climatic temperature shows increases both in the behaviors and in the trends of the winter and summer seasons; as well as in the trends of climatic parameters that can be the effect of atmospheric phenomena, such as the latent problem of climate change.

La Simulación de procesos y su importancia en el diseño, evaluación y mejoras de sistemas de endulzamiento del gas natural: Una revisión

2022-06-14T21:15:46-05:00

CO₂ and/or H₂S removal during gas processing is focused on preventing undesirable effects, such as natural gas decrease in the heat capacity, corrosion problems, environmental pollution, among others; and generally the natural gas treatment units are simulated, using different computational techniques that allow the process engineer to have better system visualization. For this reason, in this article the importance and transcendence of the different investigations were investigated, regarding the modeling, evaluation and improvements of natural gas sweetening systems. As conclusive aspects, it was found that simulation represents an important tool in process engineering because it allows expanding the experimental results, providing significant predictions about the treatment plants performance, in addition, in the case of the sweetening units, these are designed considering the impurities present in the feed fluid and their permissible limits in the gas for sale; finally, process simulators also provide other theoretical tools to evaluate and improve a sweetening unit based on variations in operational conditions and future compositional changes experienced by the fluid to be processed.

Standing frame device to cerebral palsy infants

2022-06-09T10:46:57-05:00

A low-cost, passive-supine model of a standing frame for patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy is presented. The modeling of the constituent elements was developed based on the anthropometric measurements of children from 1 to 4 years of age. Likewise, the head, trunk, pelvis, knees, and foot support elements were developed in order to achieve adaptation to the particular size of the user. In addition, elements that allow the knee abduction movement were considered. From the functional point of view, the device starts from an initial position in the supine position and with gradual movement can adopt the biped position, until the patient is positioned, in the frontal plane, at 10° with respect to the vertical plane. On the other hand, the placement of an adaptable table, the trunk level, was considered for the realization of activities during the therapy period. A numerical analysis of the structure was carried out, assigning materials available in the country, considering the two extreme positions that the device can adopt and the loads generated in both configurations. For all the conditions imposed, satisfactory results were obtained for stresses, displacements, and safety factor.

Circular antenna array with a transmission line to form a Yagui-Uda WiFi antena

2022-06-06T18:50:15-05:00

The present paper describes the design of a Yagi-Uda stacked antenna array for 2.4 GHz applications. Its structure comprises 4 layers, the first layer contains the active element, the reflector, and the feed transmission line. Layers two, three and four have circular patches that work as directors. The implementation of a "D" shaped patch is incorporated in the active element, in which simulation results show that the proposed antenna can achieve significantly wider bandwidth than the traditional circular patch antenna. The dimensions of the circular patch directors and their distances were also modified in order to have the highest directivity. The antenna simulation is performed in Ansoft Designer and Ansys HFSS 15.0 software.

Susceptibility of six insecticides in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in Kallar tract of Punjab, Pakistan; 2015-2019

2022-07-06T17:23:29-05:00

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an economically important insect pest of rice crop worldwide including Pakistan. The use of chemicals insecticides to control the BPH population has been considered an effective strategy. However, long-term and intensive use of insecticides has resulted in resistance against this pest. In this study, six recommended insecticides were tested against BPH over the period of 2015-2019 to determine the susceptibility level. From 2015-19, susceptibility of BPH was reduced to all tested insecticides. Increasing trend of LC₅₀ values was recorded in fipronil (18.23-35.11 mg/L), imidacloprid (64.22-128.8 mg/L), buprofezin (185.01-315.0 mg/L), chlorantranilipyrole (199.2-263.3 mg/L), pymetrozine (248.2-315.5 mg/L), and nitenpyram (21.07-34.3 mg/L) respectively from 2015 to 2019. Correlation coefficient values indicated a significant relation (P < 0.05) between fipronil, imidacloprid, and buprofezin. The study will be helpful for resistance management strategies to prevent the resistance development in BPH against insecticides.

Characterization of the content of anions and metals of potatoes, tomatoes and onions marketed in Cuenca, Ecuador to obtain a classification model

2022-06-22T10:04:35-05:00

Due to the accelerated growth of the population, the need for food has increased, this added to the differentiated climatic factors that Ecuador has, causes users to use pesticides and fertilizers in an alarming way, in search of increasing the productivity of crops, exploit an accumulation of residues in food and soil. In this study, the concentrations of metals and ions from fertilizers in four high-consumption products will be limited: INIAP Cecilia and Chaucha Amarilla potatoes, Kidney Tomato and Paiteña Onion found in markets and supermarkets. The metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry with mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and the ions through a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The values found were within the norm. Differences were found between the metal content of the potato between peel and pulp where the latter will appear the highest concentrations. Multivariate statistics showed that the samples are grouped by the planting site and not the type of sample, which shows the importance of the soil and the cultivation process. The generation of a classification model for fed products with the analyzed parameters is discussed.

LA CHOCOLATE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

2022-08-03T17:46:00-05:00

The national consumption of chocolate in Peru has increased in the last 15 years, however, the volume figures of the chocolates that are on the market are not known, in addition to the comparison with world consumption and the participation of the agents of the chocolate value chain. Sources for this study include statistics from different relevant institutions both Peruvian national and international, include relevant data on the Peruvian production of chocolates such as domestically produced cocoa, Peruvian chocolate imports and exports. Peruvian domestic consumption was estimated at 8 614 tons in 2018. From 2010 to 2020 Peru chocolate exports increased from US $ 11 287 000 to US$ 25 396 000. Further, the factors that influence the chocolate consumption: quality and safety, socioeconomic and cultural aspects, environmental aspects, Peruvian standardization, and regulation of chocolate; the proposals were made for the chocolate business, considering strategies at the medium and long term. In conclusion, there is a sustainable growth in the production and consumption of chocolate in Peru as a candy and as a functional food, however, it is necessary to know the specific level of consumption of chocolate and consumer groups.

Integration of the components of Integrated Pest Management in the cultivation of Pisum sativum in the Huánuco region, Peru

2022-05-18T15:33:59-05:00

The investigation was carried out in two sowing periods of Pisum sativum L, agricultural campaign 2019 and 2021, the registered data correspond to the period 2021 because similar responses to the previous test were obtained. The objective was to comparatively integrate more than one control strategy to regulate pests in the crop. In a completely randomized block design with 3 treatments, 4 replications. Being the treatments: (T0) Without applications, (T1) Zea mays live barriers + color traps + Ruta chalepensis extract + toxic baits, (T2) Lupinus mutabilis live barriers + color traps + Bacillius thuringiensis + toxic baits. Weekly evaluations were carried out to identify the insects and determine the density of each pest species in the crop. All plots share the same pests. In T2, the lowest averages of each species were recorded, being Agrotis sp with 0.67 to 2.33 larvae/plot, Aphis sp between 1.33 to 4 aphids per bud, Bemisia sp with 5 to 7 per leaf, Epitrix sp between 4 to 0/plant and Liriomyza trifolii between 3 to 4 larvae/leaf. It is concluded that the integration of the T2 components are the most efficient in the regulation of pests in bean crops.

ARQUITECTURA DE INTERNET DE LAS COSAS PARA LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN Y CONTROL DE HOTELES

2022-05-18T00:23:48-05:00

En un mercado cada vez más competitivo, la experiencia del huésped se ha vuelto uno de los diferenciadores más importantes en la industria hotelera: Wi-Fi, lealtad y aplicaciones móviles orientadas al cliente para huéspedes son las inversiones más importantes en la transformación digital. Muchos turistas desconocen de los avances tecnológicos que pueden aplicarse en los hoteles y por ende no creen necesario que se les brinden estos servicios. Por lo expuesto, el objetivo de este estudio es plantear una arquitectura del internet de las cosas para la automatización y control de los hoteles y generar un conocimiento. Como metodología se adoptó la revisión sistemática, con enfoque cualitativo que orienta a realizar una revisión bibliográfica sintetizada sobre los diferentes estudios relacionados al tema que se investiga. El método bibliográfico fue necesario para explicar teóricamente las variables estudiadas y esquematizar de forma ordenada la información. Como herramienta se utilizó la ficha bibliográfica para el análisis y sustentación de las investigaciones realizadas. Los resultados evidencian procesos para el funcionamiento de la automatización de los hoteles con software especializados con el propósito de tener resultados exactos. Se concluye que, la automatización de hoteles es un aspecto poco tratado e implementado y a través de este estudio se pretende dar a conocer las ventajas del IoT para que sea implementado.

Palabras clave: Globalización, tecnología automatización, hospedaje, satisfacción del cliente.

Adaptability of regression algorithms to the behavior of protein plants

2022-09-21T11:01:18-05:00

The behavior of components of protein plant is of vital importance for animals that consume them in their diet. The objective of this research is to evaluate regression algorithms, to determine the behavior of the expressions that best adapt to the procedures of a traditional laboratory and to estimate the chemical components of protein plants, in this sense the MULAN library of java has been used, that contain automatic learning algorithms capable of adapting to dissimilar problems. Three data set were created for each species treated in this study; each of these include the main elements to be evaluate in each experiment, these are delimits by: secondary metabolites, cell wall components and digestibility element for training files one, two and three, respectively; subsequently, they were evaluated through learning supervised and cross-validation of each to determine the best fit by aRMSE (Average Root Mean Square Error). The learning results were compare with previous experiments, where there was a learning variant that contained in a single dataset all the components to be evaluates in a single prediction. The result of the comparison shows that the lazy algorithms based on instances have a better learning behavior than the others evaluate.

Estimación de metabolitos secundarios en Gliricidiasepium a partir de compuestos primarios y edad de rebrote

2022-06-06T17:23:24-05:00

Con el objetivo de determinar efecto de la edad de rebrote en el contenido de metabolitos primarios (nitrógeno, fructosa, glucosa y sacarosa) y su contribución a la síntesis de compuestos secundarios en Gliricidia sepium. Se desarrolló el presente estudio, siguiendo un diseño en bloques al azar, con tres tratamientos (60, 120 y 180 días) y n repeticiones. Se evaluó para la validación el contenido de nitrógeno (N), glucosa (Glu), fructosa (Frut) y sacarosa (Sac). Además, se validaron modelos matemáticos para la estimación de metabolitos secundarios a partir de los primarios y edad de rebrote. Para establecer relación funcional entre edad y metabolitos primarios, se analizaron las ecuaciones de regresión. Reportándose disminución para N, Glu, Frut y Sac con mayores valores a los 60 días, y se ajustaron ecuaciones cuadráticas con R²superiores 0.91. La edad de rebrote tuvo efecto marcado sobre los contenidos de metabolitos primarios (N, Glu, Frut y Sac), lo que explican la estrecha relación, a través de las ecuaciones de regresión establecidas. Así como, quedó evidenciado que la validación de modelos para predecir metabolitos secundarios en ambos períodos del año, pueden ser aplicados por la dependencia de estos compuestos de sus precursores (nitrógeno y azúcares).

Implementation of a system to evaluate the coverage of the sigfox network inside buildings

2022-08-24T18:26:37-05:00

Low-energy wireless wide-area networks are a key technology for the development of the Internet of Things. Like any wireless communications system, it requires that during the design the place where the network will be deployed be inspected to determine the locations where the signal is weak. Sigfox is a network with wireless access that provides the connectivity service for the Internet of Things. When the sensor nodes are located inside buildings, the level of the received signal can vary, due to internal obstructions and interference, so it is necessary to have systems that take into account the technical characteristics of the Sigfox network, to measure the levels. signal strength inside buildings and identify locations where there is no signal. The implemented system allows obtaining information on the signal levels inside the buildings in order to identify the locations in which the nodes do not have connectivity with the network and find solutions to this problem before implementing the network. The system implementation uses Sipy nodes programmed with Pymark and the Sigfox cloud, while the application development uses API and APIREST in the Visual Studio development environment.

Aplicación de la metodología DMADV para mejorar un sistema de enfriamiento de sulfuro de hidrógeno

2022-05-03T13:46:54-05:00

In this research, the Six-Sigma DMADV methodology was applied in order to improve the thermal efficiency of a hydrogen sulfide cooling system that is installed in an industrial plant. In the initial stage "Define", the Pareto diagram was utilized as auxiliary tool. During the "Measure" stage, a non-experimental research design was applied. Next step, "Analyze", was based on the Ishikawa diagram. Based on previous results, the "Design" stage was subsequently focused on transforming some aspects of the heat exchangers, once compared to recommendations for prestigious researchers. Finally, the "Verify" step facilitated transition between the computational simulation and process industrialization, using a heat-exchangers validated model. The applied methodology allowed identification of critical design factors and upgrade propositions for the equipment, which made it possible to increase the heat transfer rates during the process and raise the system thermal efficiency between 23.3 and 27.2 %. The design for Six-Sigma process, as a management tool, helped to address existing problems from a different perspective, providing new ideas and insights. The study has contributed to continuous improvement of management skills in energy transformation processes.

A Check-List for Evaluation of the Usability of Government Web Sites

2022-05-01T05:29:44-05:00

Usability is the ability of the software by which users can interact more easily, comfortably, safely, and intelligently as possible. Usability is considered a key feature for the success of any website and even more so for government sites. Various methods for usability analysis and evaluation have reported several problems in government websites. The objective of this work is to provide a new method to facilitate the analysis and evaluation of the usability of government websites. For this, a checklist is proposed that was developed from the integration and combination of web usability guides for existing government sites. The resulting checklist considers 122 usability conditions, which are grouped into five categories. For the assessment, a scale of importance is also considered for each condition. Correspondence with Nielsen's heuristics has also been established. The checklist was applied to three real websites from the government of the Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, which allowed us to identify usability problems and suggest some recommendations for improvement.

Chemical composition of the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia

2022-05-12T17:26:01-05:00

With the objective of determining the nutritional constituents, amino acids and the content of secondary metabolites of the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia. For this, plant material was collected 70 days after regrowth. The percentages of DM, CP, P, Ca, Si, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, Cel, Hcel, CC were determined; amino acid profile (methionine, cystine, methionine + cystine, lysine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine), and content of TT, TP, TCT, TBCT, FCT, Flv, Sap, Alk, Trit and TS. For statistical processing, descriptive techniques (mean and standard deviation) were used. The plant material of Tithonia diversifolia analyzed showed percentages of 22.23, 2.62, 0.013, 45.7, and 29.8% and 6.09 MJ/kg (CP, Ca, P, NDF, ADF and ME). For the secondary metabolites, they presented concentrations of 5.35, 12.38, 13.7, 9.58, 4.15, 24.49, 0.86, 1.36, 7.71 and 10.75 g/kg MS for total tannins, total phenols, total condensed tannins, total bound condensed tannins, free condensed tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and total steroids). The highest concentrations of amino acids were for lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, serine and phenylalanine with values of 13-30 g/kg of protein. It is concluded that the foliage meal of Tithonia diversifolia presents an adequate relation in its quality.