Enfoque UTE

Flow Patterns in Two Nanorefrigerants R600a/CuO and R410A/CuO During the Boiling Process

LUIS FERNANDO TOAPANTA RAMOS

The present study aims to know the flow patterns in
two nanorefrigerants R600a / CuO and R410a / CuO throughout
the forced boiling process in horizontal square pipes, which are
obtained using the thermophysical properties of the refrigerants
R600a and R410A in state liquid and vapor, as well as the
properties of the CuO nanoparticles. The analysis was carried
out using two methods: analytical and numerical. The analytical
method was established by formulas and correlations through
scientific articles and books to find an improvement in the twophase
heat transfer, under the conditions at an inlet temperature
of 8 ° C and with a quality range of 0 to 1, verifying that by
adding nanoparticles to the refrigerant, the transition between
the flow regimes increases progressively, while the quality of
the vapor decreases. For the numerical method, the different
transition limits are specified in a simulation process in the Ansys
Fluent CFD Software, under established design conditions, which
consequently increases the general efficiency of any refrigeration
system.

Containers-Based Network Services Deployment: A Practical Approach

Christian Tipantuña

In recent years, virtualizing network services
and functions has enabled optimizing hardware resources on
resource-constrained devices, such as CPU, memory, and storage.
Traditional virtualization is achieved through virtual machines
using a layer known as a hypervisor. While this form of virtualization offers advantages such as scalability and portability, it has disadvantages in terms of performance compared to non-virtualized deployments. In this context, alternative virtualization technologies like containers allow virtualization on the same physical infrastructure, improving overall performance, portability, and service scalability. This paper implements the deployment of network services on the Raspberry Pi development platform, which has limited resources. This is achieved through a multi-container virtualization solution using the Docker Compose tool, based on Docker containerization technology. Finally, a performance analysis of the implemented virtualization solution is conducted in terms of resource utilization by each service.

Assessing the Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin as a Biological Control Agent against Rose Sawfly Larvae

Increasing concerns over the environmental impact of chemical pesticides have prompted the exploration of alternative, and eco-friendly solutions for controlling insect pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) as a biological control agent is of paramount importance. We aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin on larval mortality and pupal formation, of sawfly larvae, a major pest of rose plants. Our study revealed a concentration-dependent effect of M. anisopliae on sawfly larvae. At 7 days after EPF exposure, the highest concentration (1 × 10⁹ conidia/ml) led to a mortality rate of 65.0% and at the 11th day, the larval mortality was reached up to 82.5%. The highest EPF concentration resulted in a minimal pupal formation (7.5%). This study demonstrates the potential of M. anisopliae as a valuable biological control agent against sawfly larvae infestations in rose plants.

Developing fuel efficiency and CO2 emission maps of a vehicle engine based on the on-board diagnostic (OBD) approach.

Fredy Rosero Obando, Xavier Rosero , Zamir Mera

A vehicle interacts with the road, other vehicles, and traffic control devices in real traffic conditions. The level of traffic influences driving patterns and, consequently, this can affect the vehicle´s fuel efficiency and emissions. This study aims to develop engine maps of fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions for a light vehicle operating under real traffic conditions. A representative passenger vehicle of the Ecuadorian vehicle fleet, powered by gasoline, was selected for the experimental campaign that was developed on a test route designed according to real driving emission (RDE) regulation. An on-board diagnostic (OBD) device was used for recording in real-time engine and vehicle operating parameters. Moreover, CO₂ emissions were estimated using the fuel rate registered from the OBD system of the vehicle This study proposed a novel methodology for developing two-dimensional contour engine maps based on OBD data. The result showed that the vehicle engine operated in real traffic conditions with a brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 27%, a brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 275 g/kWh, and a carbon dioxide (CO₂) energy-emission factor of 716 g/kWh. In terms of distance, the CO₂ emission factor for the tested vehicle was approximately 190 g/km. Overall, this study demonstrates that the OBD approach is a potential method to be used to assess the fuel consumption and emissions of a vehicle operating under real-world traffic conditions, especially in Latin American countries, where portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) are not readily available.

El Modelo de la cantidad de pedido en producción y la productividad en una empresa ensamblaje de carrocería en Lima

MILDER ADEL NOLASCO

The objective of this research was to improve productivity through the production quantity model applied in the RMB SATECI company in the city of Lima. This research is of an applicative type with an explanatory level and a quantitative approach. It also has a pre-experimental design of temporal and longitudinal scope because measurements were taken before and after implementation. The population was 347 items from its warehouse being manipulated in a period of 16 weeks, the measurement instruments were used: Kardex and recording sheets, for measurements of the two variables before and after implementation. The validation of these instruments was carried out by experts in the field. Data processing and analysis were carried out using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS version 26 software. The result of the implementation of Inventory Management according to the production model improved productivity by 46.03% pretest and 85.52% post-test, likewise with the efficiency before 65.37% it increased to 91.80% and the effectiveness before 70.6% increased by 93.10%.

THE Improvement of methods in rice production in a company in the Arequipa region

Anatonio, ANA KARINA

Abstract — The application of the study of methods with a focus on improving the rice production of a company in the Arequipa region, derives from the exhaustive analysis of each of the activities that comprise the production process, in which tasks that do not contribute value to the final product. Where tools such as time taking, diagramming and waste identification allow for the reduction of unproductive times. Therefore, the aim is to increase the productivity of the rice company by increasing the level of compliance with the programmed production quotas. As a result, the company's rice production time was reduced by 37 minutes, which generated a positive impact on productivity with an increase of 15.5%.

Convergence and stability criteria for numerical solutions of partial differential equations in science and engineering

FRANYELIT MARÍA SUÁREZ

This paper explores the computational aspects of simulation and modeling applied to the solution of the Heaviside equation, considering the relevance of the stability and convergence of the solutions. For this purpose, a second-order finite difference scheme was implemented as the primary approach for studying atmospheric discharges (ATDI). The programming language used was Matlab, which facilitated calculating the induced currents in the study scenario. The centered, forward, and backward finite difference approaches were considered for the numerical implementation. System validation tests were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design and convergence to the second order with the centered difference approach.

Intention and attitudes to the use of an ERP by the organizations of the province of Azuay, Ecuador

María Gabriela Chica Contreras

Technology has played a fundamental role throughout history, especially in organizations due to globalization, which is why Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are essential for the efficient use of Information Technology. Its implementation allows the organization to integrate the different modules and the exchange of data to manage the areas of the company efficiently; however, the expected results are not always obtained. For this reason, this study analyzes the intentions and attitudes toward using an ERP. For this, a survey was applied to 55 organizations in the province of Azuay, applying the convenience sampling technique to identify behavioral aspects regarding computer solutions. The results show that the level of education, the information needs, and the management of business resources positively influence the adoption of ERP systems.

Analysis of the effect of vegetal and coking coals on the surface hardness of carburized AISI 8620 steel

Isaac Simbaña, Leonidas Ramírez, David Saquinga, Nicolás Rodríguez

In this investigation, the comparative study of the superficial hardness of AISI 8620 steel thermally treated by carburizing, using vegetable and coking coals, was developed. The objective was to propose an alternative to the element used to generate the carburizing atmosphere. The previous stages have been described, such as the preparation of the material and its verification, as well as the dimensions and characteristics, defined by the ASTM E-18 standard. By considering four variables, each one with two levels, an orthogonal array matrix of 16 experiments was generated. The surface hardness measurements were processed through an analysis of variance (ANOVA), where the significance of each variable considered as a factor was obtained. Coking coal can be used as an element for the generation of carburizing atmosphere since a maximum relative error of 3.86 % was obtained between the experimental values and the values in the literature. In contrast, the vegetable coal did not improve the mechanical properties of the steel, reaching an average hardness of 25.95 HRC after heat treatments.

Powder detergent packaging line improvement by Lean Six Sigma DMAIC methodology

Juan Pushug, Leonidas Ramírez, Isaac Simbaña, David Saquinga

Reducing or eliminating waste within the manufacturing industry becomes necessary for sustainable businesses over time and keeps generating development. This investigation aims to reduce all those wastes that do not add value to the product, increasing the cost of production. To achieve it, the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC methodology was implemented in a detergent powder packaging line, to identify the problems that afflicted and made production more expensive. By using quality tools, such as Pareto and Ishikawa diagrams, 5S application, Poka-Yokes, SMED, training personnel, and standardizing processes, it was possible to reduce unproductive times. Energy consumption was reduced by up to 20 %, also efficiency and machine availability increased by 10.98 and 7.32 %, respectively. The general performance of the line increased by 15.16 %, which translates into significant monthly savings of USD 71 442.05. Hence, it was possible to achieve a reduction in production costs by implementing the DMAIC methodology in the production line.

Distributed congestion control based on utility function

Edison Segarra Guzmán, Patricia Ludeña-González

This paper introduces the Distributed Utility Function Algorithm (D-AFU) as a notable progression in managing and optimizing network traffic within distributed settings. Based on the utility function principle, D-AFU dynamically adjusts data rate in response to ever-changing network demands, with optimal performance and a higher user experience. Contrary to the centralized model, D-AFU employs a distributed, scalable and resilient against failures and system overloads mechanism.
Its efficiency is validated using the NS-3 simulator. Three main metrics are used: the data rate allocation, utility per session, and fairness (quantified by the Gini coefficient). D-AFU displayes exceptional performance and low latency, particularly vital for real-time applications with high Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.

Lean Manufacturing Tools Applied to Human Resource Management and its Impact on Social Sustainability

Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0500

This research reports a structural equation model relating Lean Manufacturing Tools associated with Human Resource Management to the benefits obtained in the maquiladora industry of Ciudad Juarez (México). A questionnaire is designed and applied to the regional industry to obtain information about the implementation levels regarding the A3 problem-solving: Decentralization and Multifunctional Working Groups and their relationship with Social Sustainability. The variables are related through six hypotheses validated with empirical information from 411 responses to the questionnaire, giving statistical validation. After quantifying the relationships, findings indicate that the relationship between Multifunctional Working Groups and A3 problem-solving is the strongest of the model. It is concluded that there is enough statistical evidence to state that these tools influence the Social Sustainability in Mexican maquiladora industries, so it is recommended that the Top Management focus its efforts on Human Resource Management to guarantee it, facilitating decision-making in the productive, reducing labor risks and increasing well-being.

Characterization of the Vegetation Community and its Carbon Stock Contribution in a Dry Forest

Josselyn Muentes

Ecuador is home to approximately 12.6 million hectares of native forest, which accounts for 50.73% of its territory. These data highlight not only the need to take concrete measures for the protection of natural resources but also the importance of generating information to aid decision-making in effectively addressing the challenges associated with climate change. The objective of this study was to determine the aboveground tree biomass in temporary plots located on one of the hills in Portoviejo, using both direct and indirect methods. Dendrometric data was collected, and the taxonomic identification of species was carried out with the assistance of local experts and complementary international sources. The structural study encompassed four fundamental parameters: Abundance, Frequency, Dominance, and Importance Value Index (I.V.I). The allometric equation proposed by Chave et al. (2005) for mixed dry forests was applied, allowing the estimation of tree aboveground biomass based on dendrometric variables. For the conversion of aboveground biomass to carbon, the guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were followed. Finally, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis of the carbon values found per plot. A total of 148 individuals were identified, results were obtained in terms of abundance, frequency and dominance of the species, as well as the species with the highest value of IVI. It was also determined that the study area can store 70.47 Mg C/ha^-1 in live aboveground biomass.

PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Percentage Influence of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Concrete Blocks - Huaraz 2023

EDY Lopez Quevedo

El objetivo de este estudio fue, evaluar la influencia porcentual de las fibras de polietileno tereftalato en las propiedades físico-mecánicas de bloques de concreto en la ciudad de Huaraz, en el año 2023; la metodología fue de nivel descriptivo, tipo aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño experimental puro, la población estuvo conformada por 48 probetas concreto de 210 km/cm2 durante el año 2023, la técnica fue la observación y el instrumento fue la ficha de observación de ensayo de laboratorio. Los resultados fueron; que las propiedades físicas de los bloques de concreto con fibras de PET al 30.00% a los 28 días, demostró una densidad de 2.19 gr/cm3, la absorción fue de 6.38% y la porosidad fue de 7.81%, las propiedades mecánicas mejoraron al 20.00% encontrando que la resistencia a la compresión fue de 224.25 kg/cm2 y a la flexión fue de 42.42 kg/cm2. Los bloques de concreto con fibras de polietileno tereftalato evaluados cumplen con las normas y estándares vigentes. Se concluyó que, la incorporación de fibras de polietileno tereftalato en los bloques de concreto tiene un efecto positivo en las propiedades físicas y mecánicas, los porcentajes de 20.00% y 30.00% de fibras de PET, en reemplazo de la piedra chancada, presentan mejoras significativas en comparación con otros porcentajes evaluados, el porcentaje de 20.00% muestra las mejores características en las propiedades mecánicas; resistencia a la compresión (224.25 Kg/cm2) y flexión (42.42 Kg/cm2) y 30.00% en propiedades físicas; donde la densidad es menor principalmente (2.19 gr/cm3).

Characterization of the Vegetation Community and its Carbon Stock Contribution in a Dry Forest

Josselyn Muentes

Intention to Use the Electric Bike-Sharing System in the Cities of Ecuador, Case Study: Cuenca

Roberth Castillo

In the city of Cuenca-Ecuador there is a system called BICI Cuenca that uses mechanical bicycles, the user pays a membership to have a bicycle in stations distributed in the urban area. One of the problems that arise is insufficient seasons and lack of incentives for use. It is considered important to provide more mobility options, such as the use of electric bicycles, which are sustainable transport alternatives in cities where the use of private vehicles is prevailing. Research arises that seeks to analyze the intention to use electric bicycles to promote BICI Cuenca. The results show that current customers would use the system more by having a bicycle option with electrical assistance, the potential demand perceives that it would be the incentive to use the system; They are axes that contribute to meeting the objectives of sustainability in transport.

Greenhouse gas emissions by the biogas from the Abandoned Solid Waste Final Disposal Site in City of Veracruz, Mexico

Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The Abandoned Sanitary Landfill of the City of Veracruz, located to the north of the municipality, was built in the year 2000 and operated according to the regulations in force at the time, for a useful life of 10 years. However, it continued its operation irregularly, collapsing and becoming a controlled final disposal site that was closed by the state environmental authorities in 2019. Through the use of Google Earth satellite images using multicriteria techniques, it was determined that it has an area of 167 228 m² and an accumulated volume of waste of 1 505 052 m³. The Mexican Biogas Model 2.0 was used to estimate the generation of biogas that until the year 2023 was a total of 2 898 064 tons of biogas, and with the help of the methodology for the greenhouse effect calculation for urban solid waste, it was determined that in this same period a total of 2 522 057.3 tons of carbon dioxide, 1 162 154.8 tons of methane, and 47 115.9 tons of nitrous oxide were emitted. This represents a total of 47.5 Mt CO₂ eq., which underscores the importance of minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and their impact on the environment due to global warming of the atmosphere, especially in the coastal ecosystem where the municipality of Veracruz, Mexico is located.

Intention to Use the Electric Bike-Sharing System in the Cities of Ecuador, Case Study: Cuenca

Roberth Castillo

Abstract - In the city of Cuenca-Ecuador there is a system called BICI Cuenca that uses mechanical bicycles, the user pays a membership to have a bicycle in stations distributed in the urban area. One of the problems that arise is insufficient seasons and lack of incentives for use. It is considered important to provide more mobility options, such as the use of electric bicycles, which are sustainable transport alternatives in cities where the use of private vehicles is prevailing. Research arises that seeks to analyze the intention to use electric bicycles to promote BICI Cuenca. The results show that current customers would use the system more by having a bicycle option with electrical assistance, the potential demand perceives that it would be the incentive to use the system; They are axes that contribute to meeting the objectives of sustainability in transport.

Greenhouse gas emissions by the biogas from the Abandoned Solid Waste Final Disposal Site in City of Veracruz, Mexico

The Abandoned Sanitary Landfill of the City of Veracruz, located to the north of the municipality, was built and operated in accordance with the existing regulations at the time, however, it exceeded its useful life, collapsing and becoming a controlled final disposal site that It was closed by the state environmental authorities in 2019, through the use of GIS it was determined that it has an area of 167,228 m2 and an accumulated volume of waste of 1,505,052 m3, which has generated an emission of 2,898,064 tons of Biogas and 1,162,154 tons of Methane up to year 2023, which allowed modeling the risks to the surrounding population and its contribution to the formation of greenhouse gases.

A Feasibility analysis of electrical microgrids with high penetration of renewable resources in urban areas: case study shopping center

Pedro Rivera

This document presents an analysis on the projection of a microgrid in a shopping center in the urban part of the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. It is necessary to keep in mind that, according to the advancement of technology worldwide, we must begin to use renewable energy and put aside dependence on fossil fuels. Next, an analysis can be verified to project a self-sustaining shopping center with a photovoltaic system that allows to cover the demand presented by the shopping center in question. Several consumption analyzes are presented, as well as a simulation of the microgrid in the HOMER Pro software, in which we can verify, in the event of the microgrid project, what the initial investment would be and how long it will take to recover said investment.

Estimation of Secondary Metabolites in Gliricidia Sepium from Primary Compounds and Regrowth Age

Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The objective is to estimate the content of secondary metabolites in Gliricidia Sepium from the age and content of primary compounds (nitrogen, fructose, glucose, and sucrose). The present study was developed following a randomized block design, with three treatments (60, 120 and 180 days) and n repetitions. Nitrogen (N), glucose (Glu), fructose (Frut) and sucrose (Suc) content were evaluated for validation. In addition, mathematical models were validated for the estimation of secondary metabolites from the primary ones and regrowth age. To establish the functional relationship between age and primary metabolites, regression equations were analyzed. Reporting a decrease for N, Glu, Frut and Suc with the highest values at 60 days, and quadratic equations with R2 greater than 0.91 were adjusted. The regrowth age had a marked effect on the contents of primary metabolites (N, Glu, Frut and Suc), which explains the close relationship through the established regression equations. As well as it was evidenced that the validation of the models for the prediction of secondary metabolites in both periods of the year, can be applied due to the dependence of these compounds on their precursors (nitrogen and sugars).

Moving Object Tracker System: An Implementation

Mohanad

With great attempts being made to give computers the ability to see, the study of computer vision is fast becoming a thriving field of study. Humans are able to observe, recognize various objects based on their distinctive characteristics, and even track their movements if they are in our field of vision. Computers must be able to distinguish between distinct objects and track them in order to truly see. This study focuses on the process of distinguishing between things that the user selects and other objects by comparing their pixel properties. Next, a bounding box is used to track the selected object so that its location may be easily determined. An object has to be chosen and tracked from the area visible within the camera view using a real-time video feed that was recorded by a web camera. The development of a software application that will enable real-time object tracking is the main focus of this paper's scope. The technique used will enable noise and size filtering for easy tracking of the object, and the software module will allow the user to identify the object of interest someone wishes to track

English How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming Ophthalmology

JHON TICONA

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of ophthalmology by enabling more accurate and personalized diagnoses. AI is used to analyze images of the retina and optic nerve, detect patterns that indicate the presence of eye diseases and predict their future evolution. In summary, AI is revolutionizing ophthalmology and its use is expected to continue to grow in the future, enabling more efficient, effective and accessible medical care for patients with eye diseases.

This attention is evident from the large number of publications in scientific journals that have been published in recent years. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of recent and cutting-edge articles is vital to chart the past and shed light on future directions. The objective of this article is to review recently published articles on artificial intelligence and ophthalmology in scientific journals. A total of 30 articles published between April 2020 and April 2023 are selected and reviewed. The articles are analyzed and categorized to build a useful base of past research. Finally, gaps in the literature are identified to clarify and suggest future research opportunities.

for forest biomass Modeling and computational simulation of the shredder for forest biomass in Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Resumen— Actualmente, los sistemas informáticos CAD permiten el diseño y simulación de prototipos y equipos mecánicos para laboratorios y otras ramas de la ingeniería mecánica e industrial. Estos avances tecnológicos han permitido el modelado y la simulación computacional para obtener el molinillo de biomasa forestal tipo laboratorio. Con la metodología de la industria mecánica, basada en el programa Autodesk Inventor Software, que permitió evaluar los factores de seguridad y trabajo, mostrando las medidas de las cuchillas trituradoras, con partículas del tamaño de malla que van desde (75 - 300 μm), según la Norma Internacional [1], obteniendo un modelo propuesto de trituradora, con un ángulo de 45^o, con una tolva vertical de 90^O y una eficiencia del 95% de confianza, un modelo matemático, eficiencia y rendimiento del proceso de producción de virutas de molienda a escala de laboratorio, que demuestra un excelente resultado en la obtención de aserrín para la producción de pellets en beneficio de la industria, de acuerdo con el uso de biomasa forestal por sus características fisicoquímicas y térmicas, garantizando como fuente de energía renovable y la conservación del medio ambiente de la Amazonía ecuatoriana.

Regenerative Braking System for an Electric Motorcycle Model Sakura M500

Edgar A. Manzano

Electric mobility development is rapid spreading in the most advanced countries of the world because of the high
efficiency showed by the current electric vehicles (EVs). On this line, Latin America has started the inclusion of these technologies in some countries. Nevertheless, despite the technological development of EVs, such as electric motorcycles, there are still pending investigations regarding the increase in their autonomy.

The present research proposes a regenerative braking system for a specific electric motorcycle: Model Sakura M500, with the purposes of increase the autonomy of the mentioned EV. The VDI 2206 methodology is applied to the development of the regenerative braking system, including conceptual design, detailed design and experimental tests; concluding with positive outcomes of autonomy.

Wanderer Robot

Mohanad

Abstract

Line Following robot

Mohanad

Abstract

for forest biomass Modeling and computational simulation of the shredder for forest biomass in Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Abstract— Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes and mechanical equipment for laboratories and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering. These technological advances have allowed modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass grinder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which allowed evaluating the safety and working factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard [1], obtaining a proposed model of crusher, with an angle of 45^o, with a vertical hopper of 90^o and efficiency of 95% confidence, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Keywords— Biomass, efficiency, grinding, particle, shredder and simulation.

Pollen available during anthesis of Hylocereus undatus flowers

Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp) is a fruit that, due to the characteristics of its demand, both for fresh fruit and for industrial consumption, has detonated its development in various countries. However, it presents various self-incompatibility mechanisms that impact productivity. Therefore, the viability of pollen was analyzed during the anthesis (or flowering period)of two white-fleshed H. undatus cultivars, taking pollen samples for 13 hours, from the beginning of the anthesis in the afternoon, until it ends the following day. The method used was staining with tetrazolium salt (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) or TZ. The results showed that there is no viable pollen at the beginning of the anthesis. At 09:00 pm the viability began to grow slowly and after 12:00 am it doubled and the viability accelerated, marking the highest from 02:00 to 04:00 am. It was possible to observe the consistency of the pollen that begins with a phase I with humid pollen without viability, up to another with lower humidity with low viability (phase II). Phase III observed very granular mealy pollen, easy to handle precisely when the staining readings marked the viability of 93 % to 95 %. Subsequently, the viability decreases until it disappears when the floral structure begins to dehydrate.

3D Path Planning Algorithms in a UAV-enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study

Christian Tipantuña

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with communication technologies have gained significant attention as a promising solution for providing wireless connectivity in remote, disaster-stricken areas lacking communication infrastructure.
However, enabling UAVs to provide communications (e.g., UAVs acting as flying base stations) in real scenarios requires the integration of various technologies and algorithms. In particular 3D path planning algorithms are crucial in determining the optimal path free of obstacles so that UAVs in isolation or forming networks can provide wireless coverage in a specific region. Considering that most of the existing proposals in the literature only address path planning in a 2D environment, this paper systematically studies existing path-planning solutions in UAVs in a 3D environment in which optimization models (optimal and heuristics) have been applied. This paper analyzes 37 articles selected from 631 documents from a search in the Scopus database. This paper also presents an overview of UAVenabled communications systems, the research questions, and the methodology for the systematic mapping study. In the end, this paper provides information about the objectives to be minimized or maximized, the optimization variables used, and the algorithmic strategies employed to solve the 3D path planning problem.

The Application of the Lean - Six Sigma tool to improve the time of attention in the emergency department of a hospital in the department of Cauca.

Carlos Andrés Rodríguez Peña

The use of lean methodology tools in the health sector leads
to important operational and organizational improvements in
healthcare institutions. This article presents the development
of a proposal to improve patient care times in an emergency
unit of a case study in the Department of Cauca. The problem
presented refers to the non-compliance or excess of time that
patients must wait to receive medical attention, detecting that
the main causes of dissatisfaction are difficulty in accessing
services, errors in care, and lack of medical and nursing
personnel. The study begins by establishing the current state
of the care processes in the emergency area, followed by
the identification of the causes that generate delays and
dissatisfaction on the part of the patients, and finally, a
proposal for improvement is made. The results obtained show
that the processes to be improved are from the moment the
patient is admitted until he/she is attended to by the physician.
It was also found that the spaces are poorly distributed and
this also affects the proper care to be provided by the hospital.

Internet of medical things. Measurement of respiratory dynamics using wearable sensors in post-COVID-19 patients.

Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Nowadays, the measurement of respiratory dynamics is underrated at clinical setting and in the daily life of a subject, still representing a challenge from a technical and medical point of view. In this article we propose a concept to measure some of its parameters, such as the respiratory rate (RR), using four inertial sensors. Two different experiments were performed to validate the concept. We analyzed the most suitable placement of each sensor to assess those features and studied the reliability of the system to measure abnormal parameters of respiration (tachypnea, bradypnea and breath holding). Finally, we measured post-COVID-19 patients, some of them with breath alterations after more than a year of the diagnosis. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could be potentially used to measure the respiratory dynamics at clinical setting. Moreover, while RR can be easily calculated by any sensor, other parameters need to be measured with a sensor in a particular position.

Robotic digital twin as a training platform for rehabilitation health personnel

Deira Sosa-Méndez, Cecilia Elisabet García Cena — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

In the last twenty years, a trend towards the digitization of products and processes has been generated, so the new concept of health 4.0 promotes the use of simulators and digital twins for the training of health personnel, as well as for the personalized planning of patients rehabilitation treatments. This paper presents a virtual training tool for health personnel, which is based on the prototype of a digital twin of an exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation. The device was designed in Solidworks® and later its equivalent model was obtained in Matlab/Simulink® software. Through the latter, the functionality of the device is evaluated through the implementation of different therapeutic routines, which help the physiotherapist to plan and evaluate the performance of each patient’s treatment. In this case, the evaluation of the movements of the upper limb are generated through independent and combined movements of the shoulder,
elbow and wrist joints and, as a result, graphs of the movements are obtained, , as well as a virtual representation of the digital twin and the values of the torques in each joint. Finally, a digital tool that allows the digital twin prototype to be configured to conditions similar to those of the real exoskeleton for automation and supervision tasks is obtained.

3D Path Planning Algorithms in a UAV-enabled Communications Systems: A Mapping Study

Christian Tipantuña

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with communication technologies have gained significant attention as a promising solution for providing wireless connectivity in remote, disaster-stricken areas lacking communication infrastructure. However, enabling UAVs to provide communications (e.g., UAVs acting as flying base stations) in real scenarios requires the integration of various technologies and algorithms. In particular 3D path planning algorithms are crucial in determining the optimal path free of obstacles so that UAVs in isolation or forming networks can provide wireless coverage in a specific region. Considering that most of the existing proposals in the literature only address path planning in a 2D environment, this paper systematically studies existing path-planning solutions in UAVs in a 3D environment in which optimization models (optimal and heuristics) have been applied. This paper analyzes 37 articles selected from 631 documents from a search in the Scopus database. This paper also presents an overview of UAVenabled communications systems, the research questions, and the methodology for the systematic mapping study. In the end, this paper provides information about the objectives to be minimized or maximized, the optimization variables used, and the algorithmic strategies employed to solve the 3D path planning problem.

Ecuador Modeling and computational simulation of the shredder for forest biomass in Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Resumen— Actualmente, los sistemas informáticos CAD permiten el diseño y simulación de prototipos de equipos mecánicos de laboratorio y otras ramas de la ingeniería mecánica e industrial, estos desarrollos de nuevos avances tecnológicos. El objetivo fue realizar el modelado y simulación computacional para obtener la trituradora de biomasa forestal tipo laboratorio. Con la metodología de la industria mecánica, basada en el programa Autodesk Inventor Software, que permitió evaluar los factores de seguridad y rodamiento, mostrando las medidas de las cuchillas de la trituradora, con partículas del tamaño de la malla que van desde (75 - 300 μm), según la Norma Internacional [1]. Obtención de un modelo propuesto de trituradora, con un ángulo de 45 o, con una tolva vertical de 90^o y eficiencia del 95% de confianza, un modelo matemático, eficiencia y rendimiento del proceso de producción de virutas de molienda a escala de laboratorio, demostrando un excelente resultado en la obtención de aserrín para la producción de pellets en beneficio de la industria, según el uso de biomasa forestal por sus características fisicoquímicas y térmicas, garantizando como fuente de energía renovable y conservación del medio ambiente de la Amazonía ecuatoriana.

Palabras clave: biomasa, eficiencia, molienda, partícula, trituradora.

Non-invasive mechatronic device to determine the instantaneous center of rotation of the cruciate ligaments of the knee.

Fernando Valencia Aguirre

The objective of this research is to obtain the Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR), of a healthy knee using a non-invasive mechatronic device. This device is based on a proportional mechanism that records the intersection point of the cruciate ligaments during knee flexion and extension. Thus, it can generate the characteristic curve of the ICR and store it for later analysis. The device consists of these elements: a proportional mechanism, a flexible knee pad, potentiometers, and a data storage and processing system. The methodology used involves: 1) analyzing the anatomy of the knee, 2) designing and coupling the proportional mechanism to an in vivo knee to measure its kinematics, 3) processing the data obtained using MATLAB. The ICR is a key indicator that locates the center of rotation of the knee during flexion and extension. This information enables the development and construction of customized devices that improve natural appearance and body control as well as quality of life. The device was tested by three healthy patients, demonstrating its proper functioning, and showing that each person has their own ICR. The tests were performed by flexing the knee with foot fixed to ground, forming an approximate angle of 100 degrees.

Teaching Industrial Robotics in Higher Education with the Visual-based Android Application Hammer

Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Robotics is a demanding subject in higher education. Learning methodologies need to be updated to make use of the new technologies. This paper presents a new methodology for teaching industrial robotics programming using a visual interface running on Android devices, called Hammer. This tool allows the control and programming of robots via a visual environment based on the Scratch concept. Thanks to it, students can see the practical part of theoretical concepts learned in class and, at the same time, test and generate tasks and paths for industrial robots while learning the basics of robot programming. Students are not supposed to have any knowledge about the target robot programming language, but a basic knowledge of Robotics. This tool has been tested in this paper through four different guided practical exercises. All exercises have been validated through surveys and the results are presented and discussed in the paper.

Uso del polvo de Guaviduca (Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav) como ingrediente funcional en el chorizo parrillero

MIGUEL ANGEL ENRIQUEZ

Currently nutrition is undergoing rapid change in certain areas of interest. Nutritional deficiencies, the biological face of poverty, are no longer research priorities and, on the contrary, the epicenter of current interest is located in the relationship between diet and chronic non-communicable diseases and the effects of nutrition on cognitive, immune functions, work capacity and sports performance. Consumers are increasingly aware of their self-care and seek in the market those products that contribute to their health and well-being, the importance of the formulation of functional foods is currently paramount in the nutritional development of human beings that is taken for granted. current trends in food consumption, this has made it possible to find various products on the market with bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. The objective of the research was the use of Guaviduca extract as a functional component in the manufacture of barbecue chorizo. This investigation is of an experimental type that uses different levels of extract at 1-2-3 and 4%, to then carry out bromatological, microbiological and antioxidant analyzes, which are later related to current regulations. As a result, it was obtained that there are significant differences between the treatments, but if they are framed in the regulations in relation to the physical-chemical parameters, the microbiological analysis influenced the extract as a natural bactericide, generating safety.

Composting of kitchen waste and pet feces: quality and effect on vegetable germination and growth

Dalia Carbonel, Tessy Luciano — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The rates of urban growth and urbanization indicate a projected increase in waste generation. In developing countries, the organic fraction constitutes approximately half of the total waste, leading to the production of leachate, toxic gases, and the emergence of vectors. Composting emerges as a straightforward and cost-effective solution for organic waste recovery. This study focused on evaluating the quality of compost derived from organic waste (CRO) and pet feces (CM). The research aimed to investigate the impact of these composts on the germination and growth of selected vegetables. The primary quality parameters were assessed, and different mixtures of CRO and CM were implemented as experimental treatments. The majority of the fertilizers examined complied with the quality standards. However, the germination percentage of CRO (18%) and CM (10%) fell below the required threshold (80%), and CM surpassed the recommended maximum level of total coliforms (1100 NMP/g compared to the recommended 1000 NMP/g). Notably, a higher germination percentage (84%) was observed for both CRO and CM at a 25% compost addition. In terms of growth trials, the control group exhibited the tallest plants (13.88 cm), followed by the 10% CRO treatment (13.22 cm) and the 25% CM treatment (11.50 cm). The findings underscore the potential of urban organic waste, including pet waste, for composting and its positive impact on plant growth.

GAST: A generic AST representation for language-independent source code analysis

Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Organizations use various programming languages to develop their systems. These aim to take advantage of the most appropriate features of each language for a given domain and require programmers to command different languages and also to face the growing complexity of software development and maintenance. So, they need tools to help them analyze programs to identify relationships between their internal elements, uncover patterns, and calculate quality metrics. However, most tools have limited support for parsing multiple programming languages and high acquisition costs. Therefore, there is a need for new methods to analyze code written in multiple programming languages. This article describes the design of a method to automatically transform the syntax of various programming languages into a universal language with a generic syntax. The function of the generic language is to encapsulate the specificities of each specific language, so that the analysis of programs is facilitated in a single programming syntax and not in multiple syntaxes. The advantage of this approach is that only one analysis engine is required, not multiple code analyzers, to study the programs.

Modificación de los criterios de flujo dominante en la evaluación térmica de aerocondensadores.

yanan Camaraza-Medina

El proyecto actual de centrales eléctricas de biomasa (CEB) en la industria azucarera de Cuba, tiene como limitante el acceso al agua requerida para condensación. Una posible solución sería el uso de aerocondensadores (ACC), sin embargo, su evaluación térmica es imprecisa puesto que los métodos disponibles son en extremo complejos y no caracterizan adecuadamente el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor (K), siendo requerido el uso de excesos de área de transferencia de calor, lo cual incrementa los costos iníciales.

REDUCCIÓN DE CADMIO EN CACAO MEDIANTE LIXIVIACIÓN CON AGUA ACIDULADA

El cacao es uno de los principales productos bandera del Perú por su gran diversidad y calidad del grano. En los últimos años, se encontró presencia de alto contenido de cadmio en cacao en algunas zonas del Perú. El cadmio es un elemento quimico pesado de alta toxicidad. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue implementar un método para reducir el contenido de cadmio en cacao ( Theobroma cacao L .) nativo de Piura mediante lixiviación en agua acidulada. Las muestras de cacao fueron caracterizadas por humedad, materia seca, índice de grano, índice de cascarilla y contenido de cadmio; la concentración de cadmio inicial fue de 2,03 ppm.La extracción del metal pesado cadmio, se realizó utilizando una solución de agua acidulada con ácido cítrico a (0,15 M) a 40°C por 60 minutos para luego pasar a ser secadas y envasadas. Se realizó la extracción con tres tratamientos, bajo las relaciones cacao/solución de ácido cítrico, los cuales fueron: 1/10, 1/15 y 1/20 (g/mL). Se reducirá la concentración de cadmio después de la extracción, obteniendo valores de 1,63; 1,66 y 1,65 ppm. En función de los resultados se encontró que el cadmio requiere en un 20% aproximadamente y no se encontraron diferencias entre los tratamientos de extracción sólido/líquido.

Mecánica desarrollo industria Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes of mechanical laboratory equipment and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering, these developments of new technological advances. The objective was to carry out the modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass shredder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which demonstrated the safety and bearing factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obtaining a proposed model of a crusher, with a 45o angle, with a 90o vertical hopper and 95% confidence efficiency, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, Demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Revisión bibliográfica sobre la medición de la contaminación ambiental en zonas urbanas de la región Sierra de Ecuador utilizando IoT.

Lincold Antonio Zambrano Cevallos

The present research aims to define a framework of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, using the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current technological resource. A systematic review of articles disclosed between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to analyze pollution measurement. Among the most common measurements are air quality monitoring, as well as water and noise pollution. Regarding the communication technology used, several options were found, including wireless technologies such as Wifi, Bluetooth and LoRa, as well as wireless sensor network technologies. The measurement data obtained are mainly used to determine the impact of pollution on human health, to make real-time decisions and to design pollution mitigation and control strategies. In addition, they allow developing recommendation systems and analyzing the long-term evolution of pollution in a given region. It is concluded that there are several alternatives on IoT technologies to monitor and reduce environmental pollution. It is also important to consider that there is great heterogeneity in the way these technologies are used and in the data they collect, so it is necessary to establish a reference framework that facilitates consistent comparison and analysis of the results.

Diseño de un deshidratador solar directo pasivo de alperujo

José Omar Cabrera Escobar

In the present investigation, a prototype of a passive direct solar dehydrator of alperujo was developed, with the atmospheric conditions of Jaén, Spain; this city is one of the main exporters of olive oil in the world, which is why they produce high amounts of alperujo; The dehydrator will reduce the percentage of humidity of the alperujo for its later use as an energy source, due to its good energy potential, without consuming non-renewable energy sources. To meet this objective, a prototype is developed in the ANSYS Student software, which meets essential characteristics for dehydration, during the development of the prototype the following process is followed: design, copy of materials, mesh, copy of boundary conditions, selection of physical models to use and simulation. Subsequently, the prototype was built and the simulation was validated with the data obtained from the dehydrator, subjecting a sample of alperujo to the dehydration process, with daily data collection of the process.

In the simulation, it can be seen that the dehydrator reaches the appropriate temperatures for the dehydration process, but because the lower area of the chamber has a lower temperature than in the upper area, there is no air flow, which means that the process is not optimal.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity in Peptide Fractions obtained from the Hydrolysis of Collagen Extracted from Meager Spines (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Mauricio Mosquera

The aim of this research was the evaluation of antioxidant activity in peptide fractions obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen extracted from corvina spines (Sciaenops ocellatus). To determine the best conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis, a multilevel factorial experimental design was stablished to analyze the influence of pH (7; 7.5 and 8) and temperature (40; 42.5; 45; 47.5 and 50 ° C) in the hydrolysis degree (DH). The used enzyme was Flavourzyme to hydrolyze the collagen with an enzyme-substrate ratio of 1:10 (v / w). Subsequently, the peptide hydrolyzate was fractionated by diafiltration with membranes of 3, 10 and 50 kDa. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the peptide fractions was evaluated, and its molecular sizes were proved by an electrophoresis process. The best pH and temperature conditions in the enzymatic hydrolysis process were 7 and 40.2 ° C respectively, these values allowed to obtain a DH of 6,74 ± 0,12 %. It was determined that the antioxidant activity increases as the molecular size of the peptide fractions decreases. The values of antioxidant activity were 34.79; 6.26; 7.32 and 6.90 mg of ascorbic acid Eq / g protein corresponding to fractions <3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, 10-50 kDa and >50 kDa respectively.

LA Variación Paisajística Debido a la Dinámica del Transporte de Sedimentos en el Río Lumbaqui, Ecuador

JUAN PABLO MORALES COROZO

Undoubtedly, urban expansion is a worldwide problem, especially when there are rivers that, due to the conversion of land uses, generate degradation of the banks. This problem is intensified in sectors where there is high rainfall causing sediment dragging, which accumulates in various sectors causing environmental problems due to ecosystem variations and landscape affectation. The main objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of the main problems that the transport of sediments in the Lumbaqui River can cause, the environmental impacts and risks that can cause bad land use and management practices in areas of interest. due to ecosystem services and landscape variation. The Lumbaqui River is a place where a large part of the citizenry agrees to carry out leisure and recreation activities due to its water quality, but the accumulation of sediments is one of the limiting factors that could alter the concentration of visitors due to the fact that the It itself affects the scenic beauty of the sector, at the same time this accumulation can give rise to variations in bioindicators.

Plataformas de Reconfiguración Dinámica Basado en IEC-61499 y Multiagentes: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura

Marcelo Garcia Sanchez

Revolution 4.0 marked a before and after in industrial progress. It required the industry to evolve its processes through the use of modern technologies and to keep both the infrastructure and the knowledge of its employees up to date in accordance with the new regulations developed in Industry 4.0. This article presents a scoping literature review on the dynamic reconfiguration of the automatic control of an industrial process based on IEC-61499 and multi-agents, using the PRISMA methodology. Based on 309 articles obtained from major databases such as IEEE Xplore, MDPI, SpringerLink, SCOPUS, and Taylor Francis, a total of 40 articles were selected as the final sample. Here, the types of industrial processes in which dynamic reconfiguration is applied are analyzed, and the types of platforms using the IEC-61499 standard and multi-agents are also identified. The results show that the IEC-61499 standard and multi-agents are used in dynamic reconfiguration and Industry 4.0, which is currently developing a breakthrough for enterprises and enabling higher efficiency and quality in production.

la Variación paisajística debido a la dinámica del transporte de sedimentos en el río Lumbaqui, Ecuador

JUAN PABLO MORALES COROZO

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of a project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique that has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains because its capacity to enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the represented information. This paper aims to present an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the reduction of conceptual ambiguity of standards descriptions and improve its understanding.

Energía Limpia Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Resumen— Actualmente los sistemas computacionales CAD, permite el diseño y la simulación de prototipos de equipos mecánicos de laboratorio y otras ramas de la ingeniería mecánica e industrial, estos desarrollos de los nuevos avances tecnológicos. Fue el objetivo, realizar la modelación y simulación computacional para la obtención del triturador de biomasa forestal tipo laboratorio. Con la metodología de la industria mecánica, basado en el programa Software Autodesk Inventor, lo que permitió evaluar los factores de seguridad y rodamiento, mostrando las medidas de las cuchillas del triturador, con partículas del tamaño de luz de malla que va desde (75 – 300 μm), según la Norma Internacional (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obteniendo un modelo propuesto de triturador, con un ángulo de 45 o, con una tolva en forma vertical de 90^o y eficiencia del 95% de confianza, un modelo matemático, eficiencia y rendimiento del proceso de producción de la molienda de las astillas a escala laboratorio, demostrando un excelente resultado en la obtención del serrín para la producción de pellets en beneficio de la industria, según el aprovechamiento de la biomasa forestal por sus características fisicoquímicas y térmicas garantizando como fuente energética renovable y conservación del medio ambiente de la Amazonia del Ecuador.

la GOBERNANZA DE LA GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS DE DESASTRES EN LOS GOBIERNOS MUNICIPALES DEL ECUADOR

JUAN PABLO MORALES COROZO

Disaster Risk Management is a social process with the purpose of preventing, reducing and controlling risk factors, as well as preparing for and responding to such situations, seeking to protect the lives of the population and their assets. Therefore, this research was carried out through a systematic review of the literature on the methods used for risk management, both qualitative and quantitative. Methodologically, it was approached as an analytical type documentary research, from the interpretative approach, carrying out a critical review of the state of knowledge. The analysis of the information allowed to deepen and reflect on the strategies in the governance of disaster risk management in the municipal governments of Ecuador and the social participation involved in its implementation, which makes necessary the consolidation of planning as a response to disasters, it is through the association with different entities and organizations that allows to guide and adjust the plans created previously, thus approving the creation of a joint perspective of how the plans should be made and consequently, the harmonious response to the emergency or eventual disaster.

Español Modelación y simulación computacional del triturador para biomasa forestal en el Ecuador

Juan Gonzalez

Currently, CAD computer systems allow the design and simulation of prototypes of mechanical laboratory equipment and other branches of mechanical and industrial engineering, these developments of new technological advances. The objective was to carry out the modeling and computational simulation to obtain the laboratory-type forestry biomass shredder. With the methodology of the mechanical industry, based on the Autodesk Inventor Software program, which demonstrated the safety and bearing factors, showing the measurements of the shredder blades, with particles of the size of mesh size ranging from (75 - 300 μm), according to the International Standard (UNE-EN ISO 17827-2, 2016). Obtaining a proposed model of a crusher, with a 45^o angle, with a 90^o vertical hopper and 95% confidence efficiency, a mathematical model, efficiency and performance of the production process of grinding chips at laboratory scale, Demonstrating an excellent result in obtaining sawdust for the production of pellets for the benefit of the industry, according to the use of forest biomass for its physicochemical and thermal characteristics, guaranteeing as a renewable energy source and conservation of the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Occupational risks and prevention techniques

dariana chila

The objective of this review article is to observe and discuss occupational risks and hazards, presenting the prevention standards that must be taken into account in order to avoid occupational hazards and illnesses, for the prevention of occupational hazards various techniques and plans are executed. security to take care of health and to save the lives of employers, it should be noted that strategic and rigorous plans are used in these preventions. This prevention plan is given in order to discover or anticipate any accident at work during the work day. In this section, the measures and methodology of risk prevention will be presented to avoid and reduce risks and diseases derived from work, in turn prevent and make the employer or personnel in charge of the employer's safety aware of the worker's rights so that they do not Accidents or derivatives occur during the work day, in which case you will have problems with the law, since there are regulations that must be taken into account in every company in order to provide safety to its workers, reducing risks and creating work spaces. safe, that do not affect the physical and mental health of workers.

the OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

dariana chila

Microbial dynamics in bioreactors packed with stabilized landfill material

JOSE HUMBERTO CASTANON-GONZALEZ

In bioremediation it is always complex and interesting to know which the microbial species are present in the process, therefore, in a stabilized material from a closed landfill, it is important to demonstrate the presence of bacteria that are associated in the bioprocesses of decomposition of organic matter; in this work, bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Acinetobacter, and archaea belonging to the phylum Taumarcheaota and Euryarcheaoaota were found. The biological samples were obtained from a bioreactor packed with stabilized material that had been in operation for more than four months, treating liquids from the Tuxtla Gutiérrez leachate lagoon, performing a metagenomic DNA extraction from a commercial kit, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, was sent for sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis was performed, as well as the predictive analysis of the metabolic pathways present, by reconstruction of unobserved states.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT.)

Lincold Antonio Zambrano Cevallos

The present research aims to define a framework of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, using the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current technological resource. A systematic review of articles disclosed between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to analyze pollution measurement. It is concluded that there are several alternatives on IoT technologies to monitor and reduce environmental pollution. Among the most common measurements are air quality monitoring, as well as water and noise pollution. Regarding the communication technology used, several options were found, including wireless technologies such as Wifi, Bluetooth and LoRa, as well as wireless sensor network technologies. The measurement data obtained are mainly used to determine the impact of pollution on human health, to make real-time decisions and to design pollution mitigation and control strategies. In addition, they allow developing recommendation systems and analyzing the long-term evolution of pollution in a given region. It is also important to consider that there is great heterogeneity in the way these technologies are used and in the data they collect, so it is necessary to establish a reference framework that facilitates consistent comparison and analysis of the results.

Evaluation of the quality in use of a transactional system

The Peruvian software industry is experiencing constant growth due to the demand of companies, especially SMEs, and there is a need to evaluate the quality of products. In addition, not studies focused on the evaluation of the quality in use of transactional sales systems are recognized, this being used by 45.2% of manufacturing industries and 35.9% of commerce. It was proposed to evaluate the quality in use of the SYSFACT sales system as a case study, applying the ISO/IEC 25000 standard. The characteristics evaluated were effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction, and the ISO/IEC 25022 metrics were used for the measurements. The process was carried out through a technical sheet designed according to the criteria of the researchers and based on the scientific literature. The data was processed in Excel. The results show that the SYSFACT system presented an effectiveness of use of 100%, efficiency of 57% and satisfaction of 93% at a level of importance of 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively. It is concluded that the SYSFACT system has an acceptable quality in use of a satisfactory degree at 84.3%, with a deficit of 15.7%.

Español español

María Gabriela Chica Contreras, Español, Español

Technology has played a fundamental role throughout history, especially in organizations due to globalization, which is why Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are essential for the efficient use of Information Technology. Its implementation allows the organization to ingrate the different modules and the exchange of data to manage the areas of the company efficiently; however, the expected results are not always obtained. For this reason, this study analyzes the intentions and attitudes towards using an ERP. For this, a survey was applied to 55 organizations in the province of Azuay, applying the convenience sampling technique to identify behavioural aspects regarding computer solutions. The results show that the level of education, the information needs and the management of business resources positively influence the adoption of ERP systems in organizations.

Integración de marcos de gobierno de TI y el impacto en la gestión de servicios de las organizaciones

Henry Carranza

Organizations currently look for their processes to be carried out in the best way, generating significant value for their benefit, so it is important to know the impact generated by the integration of IT governance frameworks in the service management of organizations. To develop this systematic review article, 51 articles from different databases between the years 2018 and 2022 were taken into account. There are two fundamental principles of governance that can contribute significantly to the development of a company: compliance and performance. Therefore, with the review, the main benefits obtained by following and implementing IT governance frameworks were found, it was also possible to identify that the most used framework is COBIT, achieving the development of IT management capabilities of the organizations and thus answer the main question: What are the main impacts that the integration of IT governance frameworks has had on service management?, demonstrating that the impact generated by the integration of these frameworks varies significantly, giving different results depending on the sector to which the organization belongs, all these impacts being very beneficial for the ob objectives that have been raised to follow.

Englis english

Russell Andy vela ramirez

The formation of the digital identity is one of the most important tasks or activities that a university student has, due to the handling of data and personal information that is shared depending on the website that is used, which generates the importance of protecting and maintaining privacy. of our data. The objective of this article is to make known how the student manages his digital identity based on academic and professional aspects, for this, as researchers, we designed a knowledge survey about digital identity, validated by a web scraping system that will help to specify the data. more accurately about the use and customs of students on the web. Among the most significant results, we highlight that students have their preferences when creating a profile within the network and recognize the importance of social networks in their relationship by creating social ties. In this way, one of the conclusions we reached is that although students have knowledge, they do not put it into practice, which affects their visibility in the academic and professional spheres, this being a key factor for research and the world of work.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT.)

Lincold Antonio Zambrano Cevallos

Nowadays, pollution has become a trending topic due to climate change, which causes negative effects on the population. The purpose of this research is to conduct a literature review to define a frame of reference on pollution in developing regions such as Ecuador, all this through the current technological resources represented by the Internet of Things (IoT), which is the sum of several technologies that seek to promote the quality of life of people and can be used to monitor environmental change.

The strategy used for conducting the systematic review was the PRISMA methodology, in addition, criteria were used for the inclusion of the literature taking into account articles or case studies published between 2018 and 2022, where the measurement of pollution is analyzed, providing conclusive results.

This research discovered with the description of results and recommendations that support the use of IoT tools to improve monitoring tasks especially for data recording in the cloud, also, with the support of statistical software to record changes in different environments periodically to be analyzed later

Diseño de procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública del Perú

Juan Manuel Ormachea Ortiz, Cleiser Camizan López, Nancy Esther Casildo Bedon

There is a need to achieve effective management in higher education institutions, given their constant audits that seek to verify compliance with basic quality standards. The objective was to develop a process management model based on Business Process Management (BPM) for the library management of the EESPPT, in order to characterize the key processes of the business line, develop a process map, model the processes, and adopt the proposal as an efficient management model. A non-experimental, longitudinal, descriptive-propositive, quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 50 students and 15 administrative staff, to whom a questionnaire was applied to collect data on the problem. A questionnaire was applied to them to collect data on the problem. 28.57% of the library staff is aware of the book registry, while more than 75% consider that it has deficiencies. The study concluded with the design of a new process management model based on Business Process Management (BPM). The model consists of 9 processes, 2 strategic: strategic planning, projection and relationship with society; 5 training processes: purchase of physical and online bibliographic material, registration of academic research, home lending and support for teaching and research; and 2 support processes: evaluation of suppliers and user training.

Social Dynamics of Face Masks as Single-Use Waste from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The impact generated by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is associated with the risk in the population due to the lack of knowledge of the proper final disposal of single-use waste, specifically with face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the objective of carrying out a national diagnosis on the management and final disposal of waste, a national survey was prepared with the support of the digital tool google form, to obtain data to evaluate the environmental impact on the use and disposal of urban masks of mandatory use during the pandemic. It was identified that 35 % of the interviewees mix the face masks with household waste, which is a potential factor for public health and environmental problems. Of these, 61.5 % indicated that they were unaware of the existence of a COVID-19 waste management plan. This demonstrated the lack of knowledge about it, which causes inadequate management of these residues. The results of this research demonstrated the importance of implementing treatment alternatives to reduce the impact of the masks, highlighting that the most appropriate remediation treatment should be economically viable and with minimal environmental impact to properly manage MSW-COVID -19.

Medical Dermatological Images of Covid 19: Erasure Code and Compression.

Fabricio Rolando Marcillo Vera

This paper takes advantage of the quasi-periodicity of the principal components (PCs) in the decomposition into PCs of medical images, which represent dermatological manifestations in paucisymptomatic patients of COVID-19. Here, an album of photos was taken of one of the most frequent patterns in COVID-19, the maculopapular pattern, characterized by an erythmatopapular rash, and compression of one of the medical images was performed. Said compression was conducted in 5 different ways: 1) using two PCs, 2) using both a periodic PC and a non-periodic PC, 3) using two periodic PCs, 4) using a single PC, and 5) using a single periodic PC. In addition, a battery of tests was implemented to avoid false positives or negatives in the diagnosis of the disease. This battery contains the Reed-Solomon erasure code from the zfec library. The results of this research proved that it is possible to work with acceptable reconstructions of compressed images in the field of dermatology, without losing the quality and characteristics that allow to reach a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, the processing times in the recovery of JPG vs PNG files are optimal, and the above achievement permits to correctly classify many diseases without fear of being wrong.

Bibliographic review on the measurement of environmental pollution in urban areas of Ecuador using IoT

Lincold Zambrano

Lighting evaluation and implementation of an energy efficiency plan in the company MANTRANSVE

Moisés Filiberto Mora Murillo

The present investigation focuses on the evaluation of lighting quality in work areas of the Mantransve company, which is preparing to implement a plan to verify the efficiency of energy in the establishment. A descriptive investigation was applied to collect the information, as well as a deductive method to know the object of study with its respective variables. In addition, an initial diagnosis of the company was made through a SWOT matrix in specific areas of the company, to continue with the procedure of the energy efficiency plan. Subsequently, 54 workers were surveyed between the technical and administrative area. Technical lighting data in lumens was taken before and after to give way to the development of the Lighting Energy Efficiency Plan after simulating in DIALUX. Among the results, the contrast of hypotheses indicates that there is a significant improvement and the existence of energy savings in the medium term with respect to lighting in the areas analyzed according to the UNE 12464.1 standard designed for the interior. In this way, it is concluded to propose a total change in the luminaires to meet the level of lighting within the company.

The Digital identity of students based on results of the pattern of use of web pages resulting in Google

Russell Andy vela ramirez

Study of the air quality of the Santa Clara using advanced technologies

Judit García, Luis Orlando Pichardo Moya

Air quality monitoring in underdeveloped countries is complex, expensive, and not very viable. Without these data, it is unlikely to implement an air quality assessment and control system to mitigate the excessive growth of atmospheric pollution. This work proposes the use of the potential of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel 5P satellite of the Copernicus series of the European Space Agency to evaluate the air quality of the city of Santa Clara by identifying several elements of the composition of the atmosphere from space, such as: carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide. The instrument operates in a swept (non-scanning) configuration, with a swath width of ~ 2600 km on the Earth's surface. The presentation of the results is done by means of maps and point, areal and territorial concentration data, which allows to identify the dynamics and geographical distribution of pollution. Annual concentrations of carbon monoxide of 0.028032886 mol/m², ozone with 0.121398365 mol/m² and sulfur dioxide of 1.39641E-07 mol/m² were obtained. These values are within the range of low values and for ozone medium values.

Caracterización socio productiva de pequeños sistemas de crianza de cuyes en una zona de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador

Luis Alonso Chicaiza Sánchez

Guinea pig production stands out for being an economic activity that is channel into breeding, reproduction and market. With the objective of socially and productively characterizing the small guinea pig breeding systems in the Juan Montalvo parish, belonging to the Latacunga canton of the Cotopaxi province, Ecuador, a survey was designed for small producers and local authorities that amounted to 339 people. . This was structure with closed and directed questions. Social variables were evaluate: age, marital status, gender, school level, and training. The productive ones were income level of the producers, weekly and monthly guinea pig production, as well as prices and marketing. The results reflected that the highest percentages of those who handle the animals are women (72), and that there are no illiterates in the families, the training is focus on the subject of market study with 60%. The largest number of producers are between 40 and 49 years old. The highest income was reflect in the minority with only 4%, and guinea pig prices ranged between 6 and 20 USD depending on the completion of the product. It was conclude that the socio-productive characterization of the small guinea pig breeding systems in the Juan Montalvo parish reflected the need to expand training on marketing and increase actions to achieve greater financing that allows increasing the production of a species that has great cultural roots in the region, and improve the living conditions of the inhabitants.

Caracterización química de la harina de Brassica oleracea y su empleo en la alimentación de pollos de ceba de la línea Cobb 500

Edilberto Chacón Marcheco

Broccoli flour (Brassica oleracea) was characterize and different productive indicators were evaluate when using it in the ration of fattening chickens. For which, 210 animals of the Cobb 500 line were used in a completely randomized design, which were divided into seven groups that constituted the experimental treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% broccoli flour ).The animals were feeding with balanced according to the experimental phase, which was carried out from week one to eight. For flour, dry matter, crude protein, fiber, ash, organic matter and metabolizable energy were determined. In addition, the variables were evaluate: live weight, feed conversion, consumption and viability. A simple classification analysis of variance was perform. To analyze the normal distribution of the data, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was use, for the homogeneity of the variance the Bartlett test and to compare the Keuls means with the use of the statistic program version 10 for Windows. The results showed high protein values for broccoli flour. The productive indicators reflected that by increasing the days of rearing, the treatment with the use of 30% inclusion of the meal was higher with a live weight of 3.17 kg/birds, a consumption of 5.22 and a conversion of 1,64 g/kg, as well as, no deaths occurred (100% viability). The study showed that up to 30% broccoli flour could be used without affecting the productive indicators and reducing mortality in birds.

Pasture potentialities in family farming production systems in Los Ríos province, Ecuador, during the Summer

Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The aim of this study is to determine the potentialities of the most used grasses in family production systems in Los Ríos province, Ecuador, during the summer. The study was carried out in research areas and in the Ruminology and Nutritional Metabolism Laboratory of the Quevedo State Technical University. The species most used in livestock systems were selected to carry out studies of productive behavior (total biomass, total DMY, leaves and stems) and quality (DM, CP, ashes, OM, P, Ca, NDF, ADF, Lignin, Cel, Hcel, CC, IVDMD, ISDMD, OMD, ME and NLE), which underwent cluster analysis to group species with similarity. For production and chemical composition, three main components were obtained with eigenvalues greater than one and that explain 87.27 % of the variability between varieties. In component one, 11 indicators related to protein, energy and the structural components of the cell were shown with values of preponderance greater than 0.75. For the cluster analysis, five groups were formed, with the best results for the third group, made up of M. maximus with high values in CP, leaf/stem ratio, ISDMD and ME. All this information would contribute to the design of technological alternatives for sowing, establishment, management, and use of its biomass as a food source where the productivity and sustainability of the ecosystem are minimized.

Bromatological characterization of the husk of three varieties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and its effect on the organoleptic properties in the preparation of an infusion

Jhonnatan Placido Aldas Morejon

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of roasting temperature (120, 130 and 140 °C) on the bromatological characteristics of three varieties of cocoa husks (Forastero, Trinitario and CCN51) and their effect on the organoleptic properties of an infusion. For the evaluation of bromatological characteristics (humidity, pH and titratable acidity) and alkaloid analysis (theobromine and caffeine). For the organoleptic analysis, a 9-point hedonic test was used, complemented with the Kruskal Wallis test. This allowed determining that the roasting temperature significantly influenced the bromatological characteristics and that the values of the evaluated parameters decreased as the temperature increased. The study of alkaloids showed that the type of cocoa husk had an impact on the content. In addition, high roasting temperature reduces theobromine and considerably increases caffeine. In the case of organoleptic analysis, it was determined that T₁(Forastero + 120 °C) obtained the highest scores for aroma, flavor and acceptability. For color, T₄ (Trinitario + 120 °C) stood out with the highest score. It is attributed that the presence of bitter, acidic and astringent flavors is due to temperatures greater than or equal to 140 °C in any type of cocoa husk for the preparation of an infusion.

Diseño de procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria en una Escuela de Educación Superior Pedagógica Pública del Perú

Cleiser Camizan Lopez, Juan Manuel Ormachea Ortiz, Nancy Esther Casildo Bedon

Existe la necesidad de lograr una gestión efectiva en las instituciones de educación superior, dado a sus constantes fiscalizaciones que buscan verificar el cumplimiento de estándares básicos de calidad. El objetivo fue elaborar un modelo de gestión por procesos basado en Business Process Management (BPM) para la gestión bibliotecaria de la EESPPT, de manera que se caracterice los procesos claves del giro del negocio, elabore un mapa de procesos, modele los procesos, y se adopte la propuesta como un modelo de gestión eficiente. Se realizó una investigación no experimental, longitudinal, descriptiva-propositiva, de corte cuantitativo, con una muestra de 50 estudiantes y 15 administrativos, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para recoger datos sobre la problemática. El 28.57% del personal bibliotecario tiene conocimiento respecto al registro de libros, mientras que más del 75% considera que tiene deficiencias. Se concluye con el diseño de un nuevo modelo de gestión por procesos, basado en Business Process Management (BPM). El modelo consta de 9 procesos, 2 estratégicos: planificación estratégica, proyección y relación con la sociedad; 5 de formación: compra de material bibliográfico físico y en línea, registro de investigaciones académicas, préstamo domiciliario y apoyo a la docencia e investigación; y 2 de apoyo: evaluación de proveedores y formación de usuarios.

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of the project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique which has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains. The ontologies represented by means of Web Ontology Language, a formal language based on description logics, enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the information. This paper aims to describe an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the integration and reduction of conceptual ambiguity of standards descriptions and improve its understanding.

Economic valuation of carbon sequestration as environmental service in La Pita, Manabí-Ecuador

José Manuel Calderón Pincay

Through the conservation and sustainable development of forests, climate change has been mitigated. In this research, an economic valuation of carbon capture as an environmental service in the La Pita community, Manabí - Ecuador, is carried out, maintaining a quantitative approach and a type of non-experimental value research. The work is divided into two phases: i) the determination of the captured carbon (t/Ha), where land use was taken into account and ii) the obtaining of the biomass and total in an extension of one hectare using an indirect method. not destructive. It will end that, in the study area there is a total of 144 individuals CO₂ collectors, belonging to 11 tree species; with a potential for carbon sequestration of 5.03x10⁹ tons for the high zone and 4.07x10⁹ tons for the middle zone, considering the species of Mangífera indica, Samanea saman, Cordia alliodora, Cedrela odorata and Triplaris cumingiana as the ones with the highest carbon sequestration capacity. carbon capture. In conclusion, the La Pita community stores 873.50 tons of carbon, and despite estimating a low value, it implies an economic value of $8 734.98, benefiting the environmental service of carbon capture.

Numerical analysis of operation of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) using CFD

Cristian Andrade-Terán, Esteban Valencia, Edgar Cando, Edgar Cando — Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The present study numerically analyzes, using CFD, the operation of a wave energy converter (WEC) with local sea conditions. The dynamics of the device caused by the propagation of the waves was characterized in the commercial software ANSYS Fluent applying domain reduction criteria, structured cells, and dynamic mesh with 6DOF. Performing 1:5 scale simulations of a real device installed offshore the prediction of the fluid dynamics was achieved with an error between 3.6 % and 4.7 % comparing the elevation of the free surface of the waves and between 5 and 6 % in the angular displacement of the solid in relation to the experimental. For the analysis, data was extracted from the INOCAR-SWAN model at points near Esmeraldas and the Gulf of Guayaquil, detailing the feasibility of generating energy from the device in these areas. Better results in terms of device dynamics were obtained in sea states with greater depth and longer wave periods, presenting average mechanical power between 0.165 kW and 0.22 kW.

Isolation and evaluation of native strains of Trichoderma spp. as root development promoter

The application of liquid solutions of Trichoderma, of different isolates obtained from four provinces of the Ecuadorian Amazon, of three different crops was studied due to the potential of the fungus to synthesize Secondary Metabolites (SM), as the acid-3-indolacetic acid (AIA), once isolated the strains of Trichoderma of soil, the best ones were selected by means of a screenning, where a solution 1x10⁷ of spores of each one of the isolates was applied in corn seed and it was left for one hour in soaking in this solution, after 15 days of growth of the plants, height, thickness and diameter of roots were evaluated, as a result, nine isolates were selected. The liquid solutions of these nine isolates were inoculated on corn plants (DEKALB 7088). The inoculations were carried out every 15 days until the plants were 60 days old, by means of the evaluation of height of plant, diameter of roots.

Environmental Dimension in Smart Cities

Rocio Rodriguez

The overpopulation of large cities brings with it an increase in waste, which is mostly not recycled. Among waste, the most abundant material is plastic, a material whose degradation is very slow and causes great damage to the environment. Among smart cities strategies should be recycling planning and promoting the reduction of waste volumes that ultimately remain outside of recycling. It is important to note that a very low percentage of the waste considered as garbage is actually recycled. This paper shows a proposal to reduce plastic waste, based on the recycling of bottles (PET plastic - Polyethylene Terephthalate). The procedure shown in this work allows the recycling of these plastic bottles to apply them directly as raw material to build new objects using 3D printing. These new objects not only allows reducing the amount of plastic waste but also reuse it in everyday objects. Achieving a reduction of waste through citizen recycling techniques together with the possibilities of promoting government actions to reduce non-recyclable plastic packaging will have a strong impact on the cities that we plan for the future, smart cities.

Birdwatching to promote ecotourism in the Ricuricocha lagoon in Peru

Birdwatching is a booming type of tourism that attracts a market segment with high purchasing power, which due to its behavior is friendly to the environment and whose profile is directly linked to ecotourism. The objective of the research was to identify bird species in order to promote ecotourism in the Ricuricocha lagoon in the San Martín region. To do this, an inventory of birds was carried out following the point count, direct count, intensive search and line and strip transect methodologies between June and October 2017. The bird records were compared with the Birds of Peru Guide. The results show the observation of 167 species belonging to 48 families and 22 orders, of which 17 species are of interest for birdwatching; 10 migratory species were also recorded, among them the most representative were from the Tyrannidae family. It is concluded that the registry of birds in the wetland will have information on birds of the Peruvian Amazon for its use for ecotourism, educational and scientific purposes. The importance of this research lies in the diversification of ecotourism in San Martín that contributes to tourism development.

Cassava and banana waste evaluation to obtain fermentable sugars

MARIA RIERA

Cassava and plantain residues are lignocellulosic biomasses, with revaluation potential through biorefining processes. The production of sugars is the stage prior to the fermentation process, hence its importance in studying them. In this work, after characterizing the residues, a chemical pretreatment was carried out in order to evaluate its effectiveness in obtaining total reducing sugars (TRS). A 2³ factorial design of experiments was proposed, whose factors were: hydrolysis type (acid, alkaline), the concentration of the hydrolyzing agent (1.2% v/v), and reaction time (30, 60 min). The highest TRS content for banana peel was 2.35 g/L and, was obtained by working with 1% NaOH. In the cassava shell, a TRS concentration of 1.95 g/L was reached when using 2% H2SO4. For both residues, the best results were found with a reaction time of 60 minutes. Through the ANOVA it was known that the factors by themselves do not exert a significant influence on the production of ART, although it was shown that there is an interaction between them. It is important to know the relationship that exists between the pretreatment methods used in the production of ART, as a preliminary step to fermentative processes through which it is possible to obtain a variety of bioproducts.

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of the project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique which has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains. The ontologies represented by means of Web Ontology Language, a formal language based on description logics, enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the information. This paper aims to describe an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the integration and reduction of conceptual ambiguity of standards descriptions and improve its understanding.

M Comparative analysis of the thermal efficiency of a flat plate solar collector varying the glass type in the cover

Enrique Torres

A comparative analysis of the thermal efficiency of flat plate solar collectors for air heating due to incident solar radiation was carried out. Two flat plate solar collectors and conventional cover of dark and clear glass were used, which allowed determining the incidence of incident solar radiation on the air outlet temperature. Experiments were carried out under equal conditions with real-time data collection every minute for six hours a day and four conditions: without forced air, with forced air at 0.033 kg/s, 0.5 kg/s and 0.061 kg/s. The experimentation allowed to define that the application of dark glass decreases the thermal efficiency, the best values are obtained when using clear glass, the outlet temperature obtained reaches average values of 8.26 °C without forced air. The comparative thermal performance between solar collectors with clear and dark glass covers shows values that reach 12 % in clear glass covers, the experimental incident solar radiation values varied between 200 W/m² and 1500 W/m².

Digital gamification in preschool learning: a systematic review of the literature

Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 -0500

In the educational context, gamification has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance learning and motivation. With the rise of information and communication technologies, digital gamification (DG) has emerged. Although there are numerous studies summarizing the contributions of gamification in education, very few have included preschool education. The present systematic review, supported by 25 primary studies published between 2014 and 2022 and indexed in Scopus and Web of Sciences, seeks to close this gap by characterizing the main contributions, and qualitatively synthesizing the effects of DG. The results indicate that there is a growing interest in the topic, where most of the studies originate in Asia; they are published in journals; and are based on the proposal of video games for computers or mobile devices that seek to improve language learning. Narrative approach research predominates, based on samples of less than 10 participants, employing Achievement (Progression) type game elements. The 15 studies that measured the effect of DG report positive results.

Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of a direct passive solar dehydrator of wet olive pomace

José Omar Cabrera Escobar

In this work, a prototype of a direct passive solar dehydrator of wet olive pomace is designed, with the atmospheric conditions of Jaén, due to the need to reduce the humidity percentage of the wet olive pomace for its subsequent use as an energy source. for its good energy potential. To meet this objective, a prototype is developed, which brings together essential characteristics for dehydration, including the monitoring of variables such as: temperature, humidity and radiation. A CFD simulation of the dehydrator is carried out to know the temperature and speed profiles, this simulation is validated with experimental data obtained by the sensors obtained from the prototype. Subsequently, the design is evaluated by submitting a sample of moist olive pomace to the dehydration process in the prototype, with the daily data collection of the process, the drying curve and the evolution curve of the lower calorific value of the dehydrated olive pomace are constructed.

Improvement of rubber floor properties, obtained by crushing recycled tires, trough the adjustment of manufacture process.

Victor Cabrera

In the research, a study is carried out to improve the properties of the rubber floor product obtained from the crushing of tires that are no longer in use. By experimenting with the manufacturing process for this product, conducting tests through the variation of some process factors such as: temperature, mixing time, pressing time, amount of resin and amount of release agent, which brings about a reduction in the use of raw material by 50% and a decrease in non-compliant product from 54 to 6% which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the floor manufacturing process from 46 to 94%, thus seeking to reduce production costs in relation to current production.

Analysis of the global solar radiation to estimate the optimal tilt angle for flat-plate solar collectors. Study case: Quito-Ecuador

Jaime Antamba Guasgua, Vladimir Azanza, Vanessa Vallejo; Denny Guanuche

This study focuses on global solar radiation as an energy resource for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy for Ecuador. Based on an anisotropic mathematical model and global solar radiation database, the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic system for electrical generation is determined based on the solar radiation of the most unfavorable month for Ecuador's geographic conditions. Through this process, it is concluded that the optimal tilt results chosen by other authors that coincide with the altitude of the place of study, do not favor the use of solar radiation. Therefore, with an inclination of 15° with a view to the north, there is an increase of 25.4% in solar capture concerning the 0° inclination, since the benefits of this turn favor aspects such as self-cleaning by taking advantage of certain climatic conditions.

Implementation of good manufacturing practices in a company that produces cocoa products

Victor Cabrera

The objective of this work was the initial evaluation of the company AFRODISIAK, in its processes to compare with the requirements demanded by the national resolution ARCSA-DE-067-2015-GGG, in order to generate actions that help to correct the shortcomings and to be able to achieve compliance with these requirements, and thus improve production, reduce costs, have trained personnel and prepare the company for a certification in Good manufacturing practices in the short term, and thus increase the sources of income of the company. The results obtained were favorable, initially presenting 42% compliance based on the requirements checklist, and after the implementation of the improvement actions, the compliance percentage was 96%, also taking into account that 15 items did not apply to the situation of the company.

Improvement of rubber floor properties, obtained by crushing recycled tires, trough the adjustment of manufacture process.

Victor Cabrera

An ontology-based approach to support the knowledge management of software quality standards

Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of the project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique which has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains. The ontologies represented by means of Web Ontology Language, a formal language based on description logics, enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the information. This paper aims to describe an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the integration and reduction of conceptual ambiguity in software standards descriptions and contribute to improve the understanding of these standards.

Analysis of the mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of type E glass fibers

The main objective of this project is to evaluate the influence of the addition of fiberglass on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. For this, the addition of different percentages of type E glass fiber (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and two lengths (12 and 25 mm) was considered. Abrams slump tests and compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests were performed for the ages of 14 and 28 days. The results show that fiberglass considerably decreases the workability of concrete. Fiberglass, both 12 and 25 mm long, does not result in significant changes in compressive strength. On the other hand, increases in tensile and flexural strength are observed mainly for 1% glass fiber, regardless of length. Other percentages of fiberglass can increase the average tensile and flexural strength, but it is not statistically significant. Fiberglass can improve the mechanical properties of concrete at adequate percentages; however, there is a loss of workability, which can make it difficult to install.

Effect of dietary fiber on immunity: a peruvian case

Life in big cities brings with it an unbalanced diet with minimal dietary fiber consumption and consequently an increase in comorbidities. The objectives of the present study were: to know the dietary fiber and its physiological effects in humans, to relate dietary fiber with the intestinal microbiota and to know Peruvian foods with a high content of dietary fiber. Sources of scientific information from papers and technical documents were used. The results were: dietary fiber is a set of carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units that are not hydrolyzable by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine and includes very important non-digestible polymers with three to nine degrees associated with vegetable cell wall components; the physiological effects are: improvements in intestinal health, glycemic control, cholesterol reduction, weight control and increased absorption of minerals; It is related to the intestinal microbiota because it ferments dietary fiber to produce compounds that are easily assimilated by humans. It also promotes the growth and balance of the intestinal microbiota, which is related to immunity. Peruvian foods with high dietary fiber content are: Andean grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and seeds. A population educated in nutrition and the importance of dietary fiber consumption will be a population with the minimum number of diseases and infections.

Chemical treatment of sugar cane vinase with hydrogen peroxide

Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, with a fine honey odor and malt flavor, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150000 mg/L, being highly polluting. This work reports results of the oxidative treatment of vinasse, using hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals, at laboratory scale. The stillage samples were characterized by physicochemical determinations following the standard techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasse ratios in a semi-batch reactor under ambient conditions. After 5 days, an 85% decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0,3694 1/day. Although the COD values allowed by regulations (250 and 500 mg/L, to be deposited in water and soil, respectively) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity and low cost

Impact of the use of technological tools aquaculture

Jhordani Guélac Gómez, Jeison Elí Sánchez Calle, Miguel Angel Valles-Coral — Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Peruvian aquaculture is booming, so it deserves to be technified from a sustainable and competitive perspective. The objective of the review was to identify the current panorama of Peruvian aquaculture and the factors that limit its development, as well as to analyze the benefits of the use of technological tools in aquaculture. To this end, a review methodology was applied based on three phases: i) development of the research question; ii) document search; and ii) review and selection of studies. The search engine used was Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WOS), Scielo and Redalyc databases. The review showed that aquaculture in Peru is developed in few regions and with few species. According to PNIPA, the factors limiting its development are related to noncompliance with current sanitary regulations, vessels that are not registered in public registries, and the absence of accreditation controls for artisanal fishermen.

Technification of the feeding process reduces operating costs. Sensors make it possible to visualize the variation of parameters in real time, reducing the fish mortality rate. Automatic counting and classification reduces fish stress and avoids economic damage to production. The conclusion is that, in order to achieve aquaculture technification, the government and producers must work together, implementing policies and strategies that guarantee greater profitability and sustainability over time.

Sistema automatizado con visión artificial para el procesamiento primario de conchas de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus)

Jesus Espinoza

Aquatic products such as scallops or fan shells (Argopecten purpuratus) are very popular with consumers and their visual quality is often detected manually for sorting, species grading, and freshness assessment. Machine vision has been used in the detection of the external quality of various food products, including aquatic products, because of its efficiency, objectivity, consistency and reliability. The objective of this work is to design a system based on artificial vision to automate the primary processing (washing, checking, and coding) of fan shell stems in the fishing company Piura Sea Food S.A.C., in order to detect product defects, and optimize the process. All design guidelines were established including the selection of cameras, lenses, and lighting system, processing methods, programming of system components, and interfaces, image analysis and management. The system based on artificial intelligence for image capture, and processing through the interconnection of equipment coupled to an intelligent PLC control unit, which by means of an HMI unit, and Convolutional Neural Network software, manages to detect the stems with defects, and discard them in real time.

El Design of a direct concentration solar system to generate high temperature thermal energy in Huancayo-Peru

WUILBER CLEMENTE DE LA CRUZ, CIRO ABELARDO ESPINOZA MONTES

Solar energy in Peru is abundant, therefore, its use should be extended to other possibilities, such as the generation of medium and high temperature energy, and be used in the productive sector, without emitting greenhouse gases into the environment. The direct concentration solar system is a device that captures direct radiation through the parabolic disk concentrator, and it reflects towards the absorber that is at the focus of the system, in which the heat flow is concentrated and its continuity depends of concentrator motion based on azimuth angle and elevation. In this regard there are studies, in which they highlight the way to configure the system, taking into consideration; selection of materials, safety in their use and the optical efficiency of the system, which guarantees the achievement of the required temperature in the focus. The reasons that encourage the study, is the extension of the use of solar energy for more demanding applications, without polluting the environment, such is the case, the purpose of the study is to conceptually and categorically design a direct concentration solar system for produce high temperature thermal energy (T°>250°C), using a design methodology focused on VDI 2221 and a systemic research method. As a result, the system composed of a concentrator, receiver and structure with two degrees of freedom is presented.

Geospatial analysis of deforestation caused by oil palm plantations in the canton of San Lorenzo - Ecuador

Diego Armando Ureta Leones

Oil palm plantations have grown very rapidly, raising concerns about the loss of forest area. Therefore, the objective of the research was to analyze with geospatial information the deforestation caused by oil palm plantations in the San Lorenzo canton. The geospatial analysis to estimate the area deforested by the establishment of oil palm plantations was carried out with official layers from the Ministry of the Environment, Water and Ecological Transition, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and satellite images, achieving a study period from 1990 to 2022. The surface total deforested area is 59.727,43 ha, which represents 21.47% of the forest area in 1990 and an average loss of native forest per year of 2.132,12 ha. The area of palm plantations is 25.049,73 ha, of which 90.34% of the total area of plantations. It was possible to show that 37.89% of the deforested area during the study period corresponds to the establishment of oil palm plantations, which indicates that deforestation could also be associated with other factors such as the expansion of the agricultural, livestock frontier. and the felling of commercial forest species.

Seed viability, germination and seedling quality patterns of three forest species for restoration in Amazonian conditions

Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 -0500

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality patterns of Switenia macrophylla, Cedrelinga cateniformis and Ochroma pyramidale seeds and seedlings in response to restoration. The seed viability test was performed using 1 % tetrazolium (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) during three staining times and the percentage of viability and vigor levels were considered according to the topological staining pattern. Germination speed, germination capacity, and morphological indices of plant quality were determined using the aboveground belowground ratio, slenderness, degree of lignification and Dickson's quality. The highest percentage of viable seeds with the maximum staining time (3 hours) was verified. The medium vigor category was higher in the three species, as determined by a partial reddish staining pattern as an expression of their physiological quality, which was reflected in the response to germination. The morphological quality indices allowed us to identify the species’ potential for growth and development for acclimatization to the area. The correspondence analysis was significant (p≤0.05), which facilitated the formation of quality groups, C. cateniformis was found to be of a high-enough quality as an indicator of its potential to cover restoration needs in Amazonian conditions.

Evaluation of forest residues of potential species to obtain carbon as clean energy in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Juan Elías González, Rubén Darío Ledesma, Reinier Abreu Naranjo — Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Timber residues due to its use for the construction industry and others provided by the secondary forest and its high content of lignocellulosic material for energy purposes, our objective was to evaluate the forest residues of six species to obtain carbon as clean energy. , which represents great interest for the energy industry. Through the methodology of the study of inventories and sampling of wood residues from sawmills that was in the four cantons of the province of Pastaza, through instrumental techniques of physical, chemical and thermal analysis, the parameters studied were the biomass potential and residue, density, humidity, ashes, volatiles, fixed carbon and higher calorific value (immediate analysis), carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHONS), which allowed obtaining the thermochemical properties, reaching the main results of energy potential, of these three species that can be used for clean energy, due to the amount of ash found in the analyzes below 1% and volatiles (60-80%) of these residues, which clearly shows that it prevents the formation of scale in equipment and damage, in relation to its fixed carbon content on average of 14.78% and its superior calorific value 19.72 Mj/kg, assessing the fact industrial reliability for its energy use that will generate 515.62 GW of clean energy in electrical thermal power annually to meet the needs of vulnerable areas of the Amazon region.

Hydrological modeling of the urban basin of the Bélico river in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba

Carlos Lázaro Castillo García, Victor Manuel Carvajal González — Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 -0500

Urban floods are a phenomenon associated with heavy rainfall in relatively short periods of time, the causes that cause them are dissimilar and are generally accompanied by poor urban planning that reduces hydraulic sections of rivers, streams, and any drainage channel. The city of Santa Clara in Cuba, presents serious flooding problems near the Bélico and Cubanicay rivers due to the decrease in the section of their channels due to urban indiscipline. This contribution obtains the values of the maximum runoff flow for various control sections located along these rivers, using the TR-55 model (Technical Report 55) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), for its acronym in English, formerly named Soil Conservation Service). Three models associated with convective rains Type I, II, III, associated with the peaks of the storms and their temporal location will be carried out, with which the maximum expenses associated with storms of different configuration can be defined for a probability of 1%, 2% and 10%. The results obtained show that the most critical situation occurs for Type III rain and the maximum runoff value for a 1% probability at the basin closure point is 170 m³/s.