Disponibilidad de infraestructura y recursos tecnológicos en el sistema escolar de educación básica del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v2n1.10Keywords:
TICs, educación, recursos, infraestructuraAbstract
Español:
La combinación curricular de los medios tecnológicos (informáticos, audiovisuales y de la comunicaciónen general) y el aprovechamiento de las ventajas didácticas no resulta una labor sencilla. Eldocente necesita determinadas destrezas e ideas técnicas, ha de estar enterado sobre los materialesdisponibles y sobre cómo usarlos didácticamente, y precisa recursos e infraestructura para desarrollarlas actividades educativas con sus estudiantes. También es necesario tiempo para: preparar todasestas actividades, planificar, evaluar su uso, etc.El problema que presume el uso de los medios informáticos y audiovisuales en los procesos de enseñanzay aprendizaje, las instituciones educativas que quieren iniciar o ampliar su utilización porparte del cuerpo docente han de procurar una buena organización de estos recursos. Esta organizacióngeneralmente supone el montaje de aulas de recursos que faciliten la utilización, el control y elalmacenamiento de estos materiales.En la distribución de los recursos tecnológicos de un centro logramos diferenciar tres tipos de elementosmateriales:
La infraestructura física. Se considera:
- El área física adecuada para el uso y almacenamiento de los recursos: aulas, almacenes, bodegas,etc.
- Las instalaciones: iluminación, enchufes, ventilación, aislamiento, sistemas de seguridad.
- Los materiales adicionales: mesas, armarios, sillas...
Los aparatos tecnológicos. Son aquellos aparatos obligatorios para poder usar los materiales curricularesque se presentan como soporte tecnológico. Por ejemplo:
- Computadoras, impresoras, conexiones y otros recursos informáticos.
- Televisión, Televisión por cable, Televisión satelital.
- Retro-proyectores, proyectores de diapositivas, cámaras fotográficas.
- Casetes, cadenas musicales, altavoces, micros.
Materiales curriculares. Son los materiales que, en conjunto con sus guías didácticas, contienen lainformación. Su aplicación requiere el uso de algunos aparatos tecnológicos. Entre los materialescurriculares que necesitan soporte tecnológico se puede destacar:
- Software informático.
- Diapositivas, transparencias.
- Programas de vídeo.
- Discos compactos.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar una descripción de la situación de lasEscuelas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito en el año 2011, en los siguientes ámbitos de estudio:infraestructura y recursos tecnológicos. Una parte importante de este estudio es determinar los contrastesexistentes entre las Instituciones Educativas de este territorio.
English:
The curricular combination of the technological resources (computer, audiovisuals and the communicationsin general) and the didactics aids provided by them, seems not to be an easy task. Theteachers need certain skills as well as technical ideas. They need to be well trained on the uses of theavailable materials and have a wide knowledge about the didactic use of them. It is also mandatoryto provide the institutions with an appropriate infrastructure to develop the educative activitiesalong with the students. So forth in order to prepare, plan and asses the correct application of suchactivities time is required.The problem comes out in the uses of the computer and audiovisuals means during the teaching –learning process. The educative institutions, in an attempt to initiate or increase the use of thesemeans, should provide teachers with a rightful organization of these resources. Such organization isrelated to the provision of source rooms which facilitate the utilization, control and storage of thesematerials.In the distributions of the technological resources of an institution there are three types of materialelements.
The physic infrastructure: it is considered:
- The physic area arranged for the use and storage of the resources: classrooms, stores, shops,etc.
- The facilities: illumination, plugs, air condition, security systems
- The additional materials: tables, chairs, closets, etc.
The technological apparatus. They are the mandatory apparatus in order to utilize the curricular materialspresented as technological support. For instance:
- Computers, printers, connections, and any other informatics resources.
- TV, cable TV, satellite TV.
- LCD projectors, overhead projectors, camera.
- Cassettes, devises to store music, speakers, microphones.
Curricular materials. They are materials that together with their didactic guides contain the information.Its application requires the use of technological apparatus. For instance:
- Informative software.
- Slides.
- Compact discs.
- Video programs
The aim of this research is to map the current situation of the schools within the Metropolitan Districtof Quito in the year 2011 in both infrastructure and technological resources fields. A very importantcomponent of this study is to determine the existent contrast among the Educative Institutionslocated within this territory.
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