Characterization of the content of anions and metals of potatoes, tomatoes and onions marketed in Cuenca, Ecuador to obtain a classification model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.866Keywords:
Metals, Fertilizers, Nitrates, Potato, Tomato, OnionAbstract
Due to the accelerated growth of the population, the need for food has increased, this added to the differentiated climatic factors that Ecuador has, causes users to use pesticides and fertilizers in an alarming way, in search of increasing the productivity of crops, exploit an accumulation of residues in food and soil. In this study, the concentrations of metals and ions from fertilizers in four high-consumption products will be limited: INIAP Cecilia and Chaucha Amarilla potatoes, Kidney Tomato and Paiteña Onion found in markets and supermarkets. The metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry with mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and the ions through a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The values found were within the norm. Differences were found between the metal content of the potato between peel and pulp where the latter will appear the highest concentrations. Multivariate statistics showed that the samples are grouped by the planting site and not the type of sample, which shows the importance of the soil and the cultivation process. The generation of a classification model for fed products with the analyzed parameters is discussed.
Downloads
References
Adama Andina. (2019). Ficha técnica Hammer. Quito. https://www.adama.com/ecuador/es/agroquimicos/fungicida/hammer
Agrocalidad - Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario. (2020). Sanidad Vegetal: Gestión de manejo y control de plagas específicas. Quito. https://www.agrocalidad.gob.ec
American Heart Association. (2017). ¿Qué es la hipercalemia (potasio alto)? https://bit.ly/3PtSY3u
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (1995). Official methods of analysis (12th ed.).
Baghour, M., Moreno, D. A., Víllora, G., Hernández, J., Castilla, N., & Romero, L. (2001). Phytoextraction of Cd and Pb and physiological effects in potato plants (Solanum Tuberosum Var. Spunta): Importance of root temperature. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(11), 5356–5363. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010428x
Becker, W., Jorhem, L., Sundström, B., & Grawé, K. P. (2011). Contents of mineral elements in Swedish market basket diets. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(2), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.10.001
Bianchini, M. R., & Eyherabide, G. A. (1998). Técnicas de mineralización para la determinación de macronutrientes en muestras de raíz de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, 103(2), 191–195. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/15645
Cabrera, M. (2007). Mineralización y nitrificación: Procesos claves en el ciclo del nitrógeno. Informaciones Agronómicas del Cono Sur, 34, 1-9. http://www.ipni.net/publication/ia-lacs.nsf/0/77FA8167A21708978525799500785679/$FILE/Cabrera-IA34.pdf
Chen, C., Huang, D., & Liu, J. (2009). Functions and toxicity of nickel in plants: Recent advances and future prospects. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water, 37(4-5), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200800199
Chirinos, D. T., Castro, R., Cun, J., Castro, J., Peñarrieta Bravo, S., Solis, L., & Geraud Pouey, F. (2020). Los insecticidas y el control de plagas agrícolas: La magnitud de su uso en cultivos de algunas provincias de Ecuador. Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria, 21(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num1_art:1276
Codex Alimentarius (1999). Métodos de muestreo recomendados para la determinación de residuos de plaguicidas a efectos del cumplimiento de los LMR. CAC/GL. https://n9.cl/xxbmb
Codex Alimentarius. (2006). Plaguicidas. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius
Codex Alimentarius. (2019). Metalaxyl. http://www.fao.org/fao-whocodexalimentarius
Dziubanek, G., Piekut, A., Rusin, M., Baranowska, R., & Hajok, I. (2015). Contamination of food crops grown on soils with elevated heavy metals content. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 118, 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.032
Gaitán Moreno, Á. P., González Mogollón, M. P. A., Ñústez López, C. E., Saldaña Villota, T. M., & Cotes Torres, J. M. (2013). Análisis funcional de crecimiento y desarrollo de cuatro variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, 9(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.344
Gabarra, A., Soley, M., & Fernández, A. (2017). Ingestas de energía y nutrientes recomendadas en la Unión Europea: 2008-2016. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 34(2), 490– 498. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.937
Gichner, T., Patková, Z., Száková, J., & Demnerová, K. (2006). Toxicity and DNA damage in tobacco and potato plants growing on soil polluted with heavy metals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 65(3), 420-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.08.006
Grupo Andex (2015). Primmex. http://grupoandina.com.pe/media/uploads/ficha_tecnica/ft-primmex_25_ec.pdf
Hu, W., Huang, B., Tian, K., Holm, P. E., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Heavy metals in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems along Yellow Sea of China: Levels, transfer and health risk. Chemosphere, 167, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.122
Huang, Y., Wang, L., Wang, W., Li, T., He, Z., & Yang, X. (2019). Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China: A meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 651, 3034–3042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.185
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. (2014). Papa. http://tecnologia.iniap.gob.ec/index.php/explore-2/mraiz/rpapa
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO -Evaluación de los riesgos asociados con las sustancias químicas (JECFA). (2004). https://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/scientific-advice/jecfa/es/
Interoc Custer. (2015). Metalaxyl. https://www.interoc.biz/producto/columbus/
Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y. M., Huang, Y. Z., & Zhu, Y. G. (2008). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution, 152(3), 686–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056
Guía del Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP) para técnicos y productores (2007). Guía del manejo integrado de plagas (MIP) para técnicos y productores. https://bit.ly/3AksrkD
Leyva, G., Sánchez Zarza, P., Alcántar, G., Valenzuela, J. G., Gavi, F., & Martínez, A. (2005). Nitrates content in cellular extracts of tomato petioles and fruits. 28(2), 145–150. https://docplayer.es/20965672-Contenido-de-nitratos-en-extractos-celulares-de-peciolos-y-frutos-de-tomate-nitrates-content-in-cellular-extracts-of-tomato-petioles-and-fruits.html
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. (2020). Diagnóstico territorial: Resumen ejecutivo. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. https://bit.ly/3SR8ysP
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. (2015). Manejo Agorcológico de plagas. https://www.agricultura.gob.ec/biblioteca/
McClintock, T. R., Chen, Y., Bundschuh, J., Oliver, J. T., Navoni, J., Olmos, V., Lepori, E. V., Ahsan, H., & Parvez, F. (2012). Arsenic exposure in Latin America: Biomarkers, risk assessments and related health effects. The Science of the Total Environment, 429, 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.051
Moreno C. B., Soto, O. K., & González, R. D. (2015). El consumo de nitrato y su potencial efecto benéfico sobre la salud cardiovascular. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 42(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182015000200013
Limin Chemical. (2019). Mancozen y Cytoxanil http://www.chinalimin.com
Pobereżny, J., Wszelaczyńska, E., Wichrowska, D., & Jaskulski, D. (2015). Content of nitrates in potato tubers depending on the organic matter, soil fertilizer, cultivation simplifications applied and storage. CHILEANJAR: Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 75(1), 42–49. https://bit.ly/3C1pJ4V
Pumisacho, M., & Sherwood, S. (2002). El cultivo de la papa en el Ecuador. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; Centro Internacional de la Papa.
Santamaria, P. (2006). Nitrate in vegetables: Toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2351
Sistema de Información Pública Agropecuaria del Ecuador. (2020). Cifras agroproductivas: Principales Cultivos-2020. http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/
Suárez, S., Ale, N., Trabucco, J., & Sanabria, O. (2014). Polifenoles, micronutrientes minerales y potencial antioxidante de papas nativas. Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú, 80(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v80i2.155
Topalidis, V., Harris, A., Hardaway, C. J., Benipal, G., & Douvris, C. (2017). Investigation of selected metals in soil samples exposed to agricultural and automobile activities in Macedonia, Greece using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Microchemical Journal, 130, 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.004
Tóth, G., Hermann, T., Da Silva, M. R., & Montanarella, L. (2016). Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety. Environment International, 88, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.017
Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 2016. La cebolla, una aliada para la salud. https://bit.ly/2wqu52U
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1994). EPA Method 200.8: Determination of trace elements in waters and wastes by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. https://bit.ly/3duC0UZ
WHO. (1980). Recommended health-based limits in occupational exposure to heavy metals : report of a WHO study group [meeting held in Geneva from 5 to 11 June 1979]. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41401
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
The articles and research published by the UTE University are carried out under the Open Access regime in electronic format. This means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. By submitting an article to any of the scientific journals of the UTE University, the author or authors accept these conditions.
The UTE applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license to articles in its scientific journals. Under this open access license, as an author you agree that anyone may reuse your article in whole or in part for any purpose, free of charge, including commercial purposes. Anyone can copy, distribute or reuse the content as long as the author and original source are correctly cited. This facilitates freedom of reuse and also ensures that content can be extracted without barriers for research needs.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International (CC BY 3.0).
The Enfoque UTE journal guarantees and declares that authors always retain all copyrights and full publishing rights without restrictions [© The Author(s)]. Acknowledgment (BY): Any exploitation of the work is allowed, including a commercial purpose, as well as the creation of derivative works, the distribution of which is also allowed without any restriction.
Enfoque UTE - Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias - Universidad UTE
