Determination of cadmium and lead in water, sediment and bioindicator organisms in Estero Salado, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n2.246Keywords:
sentinels, heavy metals, Portete bridge, Littorina varia, Cerithidea mazatlanicaAbstract
Evidence of pollution by heavy metals have been detected in the city of Guayaquil, province of Guayas, coastal Ecuador. The water and sediment in the mangrove environs of Puente Portete in Estero Salado were tested for concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as the following organisms: gastropods, including Littorina varia and Cerithidea mazatlanica, and the leaves of Rhizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans, and Conocarpus erectus. The samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The values of Cd and Pb in water and sediment exceeded the permissible limits established by Ecuadorian and Canadian standards. The gastropod species L. varia and C. mazatlanica were the best indicator organisms for detecting pollution by accumulating 2.45 ± 0.49 ppm Pb and 1.49 ± 0.67 ppm Cd, respectively. Because of the low bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments, mangrove plants did not accumulate Cd and Pb in leaves.
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References
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Guarco, K. (2015). Tratamiento del sedimento marino del ramal B del Estero Salado para la Remoción de metales pesados. Tesis de Grado de la la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Obtenido de: http://www.dspace.espol.edu.ec/xmlui/handle/123456789/31957
Guzmán, H.M. y Jiménez, C. (1992). Contamination of Coral Reefs by Heavy Metals along the Caribbean Coast of Central America (Costa Rica and Panama). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 24 (11), 554–61.
Henson, M.C. y Chedrese, P. (2004). Endocrine Disruption by Cadmium, a Common Environmental Toxicant with Paradoxical Effects on Reproduction. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 229 (5), 383–92.
Hooda, P.S. y Alloway, B.J. (1993). Effect of time and temperatura on the bioavailability of Cd and Pb from sludge-amended soil. J. Soil. Sci., 44, 97-110.
Järup, L. y Alfvén, T. (2004). Low Level Cadmium Exposure, Renal and Bone Effects--the OSCAR Study. Biometals, 17 (5), 505–509.
Jiménez, D. (2012). Cuantificación de Metales Pesados (cadmio, cromo, níquel y plomo) en agua superficial, sedimento y organismos (Crassostrea Columbiensis) Ostión de mangle en el Puente Portete Del Estero Salado (Guayaquil). Tesis. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil.
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Kehrig, H.A., Pinto, F.N., Moreira, I., y Malm, O. (2003). Heavy Metals and Methylmercury in a Tropical Coastal Estuary and a Mangrove in Brazil. Organic Geochemistry, 34 (5), 661–69.
Lacerda, L.D., Martinelli, L.A., Rezende, C.E., Mozeto, A., Ovalle, A.R., Victoria, R.L., Silva, C.A. y Nogueira, F.B. (1988). The Fate of Trace Metals in Suspended Matter in a Mangrove Creek during a Tidal Cycle. The Science of the Total Environment, 75, 169–80.
Lassiter, M., Owens, E., Patel, M.M., Kirrane, E., Madden, M., Richmond-Bryant, J., Hines, E., Davis, A., Vinikoor-Imler, L. y Dubois, J.J. (2015). Cross-species coherence in effects and modes of action in support of causality determinations in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Integrated Science Assessment for Lead. Toxicology, 330, 19-40.
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Published
2018-06-29
How to Cite
Pernía Santos, B. M., Mero, M., Cornejo, X., Ramírez-Prado, N., Ramírez, L., Bravo, K., … Zambrano, J. (2018). Determination of cadmium and lead in water, sediment and bioindicator organisms in Estero Salado, Ecuador. Enfoque UTE, 9(2), pp. 89 – 105. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n2.246
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Section
Environment
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