Influence of the type of spark plug in the evaluation of the performance and emissions caused in an ignition engine

Authors

  • Gabriel Serpa Escuela Politécnica Nacional
  • Xavier Zumba Escuela Politécnica Nacional
  • Francisco Montalvo Escuela Politécnica Nacional
  • Daysi Baño Escuela Politécnica Nacional
  • Jorge Martinez Escuela Politécnica Nacional
  • Iván Zambrano Escuela Politécnica Nacional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoque.v10n2.465

Keywords:

spark-ignition engine, spark plugs, pollutant emissions; torque and power.

Abstract

This research was made in Cuenca at 2500 meters above sea level (masl), and it studied the influence of the use of different types of spark plugs in a spark-ignition engine on the mechanical performance of the engine, the pollutant emissions, and fuel consumption. Six types of spark plugs that are available in the national market are made of different materials, have different thermal properties, and have different electrode openings. In addition, the mechanical performance of the engines and their fuel consumption were evaluated through dynamometer testing. Moreover, the polluting emissions were measured under the static test protocol established by the NTE INEN 2203 and with an 11 km route test in urban areas and on highway based on the New European Driving Cycle. The research showed that a specific spark plug increases 16 % of the engine performance due to not only some factors such as less pollution, better cold behavior, lower fuel consumption, but also maintains the torque and power of the vehicle. In addition, this spark plug generates savings on maintenance and annual fuel consumption.

Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Antamba,J., Reyes, G., y Granja, M. (2016). Estudio comparativo de gases contaminantes en un vehículo M1 , utilizando gasolina de la Comunidad Andina. Enfoque UTE, V.7- 3, 110-119.
Abdel-Rehim, A. A. (2013). Impact of spark plug number of ground electrodes on engine stability. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 4(2), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2012.09.006
Badawy, T., Bao, X. C., y Xu, H. (2017). Impact of spark plug gap on flame kernel propagation and engine performance. Applied Energy, 191, 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.059
Burgett R, Leptich J, Sangwan K. Measuring the effect of spark plug and ignition system design on engine performance. SAE technical paper 720007; 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/720007
Costa M. U. S. y Allocca L. (2011). Numerical study of the mixture formation process in a Fourstroke GDI Eengine for two-wheel applications Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 19 (2011), 1212-1226.
Craver R., Podiak R., y Miller R. Spark plug design factors and their effect on engine performance. SAE technical paper 700081; 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/700081
EPA. (2013). Testing and measuring emissions (en línea). U.S. Recuperado de: www3.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/dynamometer.htm. (accedido el 21/03/2018).
Guzmán, A., Cueva, E., Peralvo, A., Revelo, M., y Armas, A. (2018). Estudio del rendimiento dinámico de un motor Otto al utilizar mezclas de dos tipos de gasolinas : “ Extra ” y “Súper ”; Enfoque UTE, 9(4), 208-220.
Hori, T., Shibata, M., Okabe, S., y Hashizume, K. (2003). Super ignition spark plug with fine center and ground electrodes. SAE paper 2003-01-0404.
Krishna, S., Mallikarjuna, J. M. y Davinder, K. (2016). Effect of Engine Parameters on In-Cylinder Flows in a Two-Stroke Gasoline Direct Injection Engine. Applied Energy 176, 282-294.
Lee, Y. G., y Boehler, J. T. (2005). Flame kernel development and its effects on engine performance with various spark plug electrode configurations. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1133, Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit.
Llanes, E., Rocha, J., Peralta, D., y Leguísamo, J. (2018). Evaluación de emisiones de gases en un vehículo liviano a gasolina en condiciones de altura. Caso de estudio Quito , Ecuador. Enfoque UTE, 9(2), 149-158.
Nishio, K., Oshima, T., Ogura, H. (1994). A study on spark plug electrode shape. Int J Veh Des, 15, 119-30.
Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE INEN 2 203:2000. Gestión Ambiental. Aire. Vehículos Automotores. Determinación de la concentración de emisiones de escape en condiciones de marcha mínima o "ralentí". Prueba estática (1.ª ed.). Quito: INEN.
Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE INEN 2 204:2002. Gestión Ambiental. Aire. Vehículos Automotores. Límites permitidos de emisiones producidas por fuentes móviles terrestres de gasolina (1.ª ed.). Quito, Ecuador: INEN.
Osamura, H. (2000). “Development of long life and high ignitability iridium spark plug. Seoul 2000 FISITA world automotive congress, Paper number F2000A144, Korea.
Saw, O. P., & Mallikarjuna, J. M. (2017). Effect of spark plug and fuel injector location on mixture stratification in a GDI engine-A CFD analysis. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (vol. 243). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/243/1/012025
Shimanokami, Y., Matsubara, Y., Suzuki, T., y Matsutani, W. (2004). Development of high ignitability with small size spark plug. SAE paper 2004-01-0987.
Sjerić, M., Taritaš, I., y Kozarac, D. (2017). Effect of Spark Plug Geometry on the Cyclic Combustion Variability and Fuel Consumption of Gasoline Engines. Journal of Energy Engineering, 143(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000492
Yamaguchi, T., Nakamura, S., y Oshima, T. (1987). Spark plug and its electrode configuration. Google Patents; 1987
Yorita, H., Okabe, S. I., Ishiguro, H., y Shibata, M. (2007). Ignition simulation and visualization for spark plug electrode design. SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0940, Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit.

Published

2019-06-28

How to Cite

Serpa, G., Zumba, X., Montalvo, F., Baño, D., Martinez, J., & Zambrano, I. (2019). Influence of the type of spark plug in the evaluation of the performance and emissions caused in an ignition engine. Enfoque UTE, 10(2), pp. 115 - 125. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoque.v10n2.465

Issue

Section

Automation and Control, Mechatronics, Electromechanics, Automotive